The types and functions of molecules necessary for the production of light in the firefly lanterns. Introduction: The Lampyridae refers to the family of insects present in the beetle order Coleoptera. These are basically winged beetles, which are commonly known as fireflies or lightning bugs. The fireflies emit energy in the form of light and this phenomenon is known as bioluminescence. The light is emitted from an organ known as firefly lantern, which is located in their abdomen. The fireflies ( Photuris pennsylvanica ) are known to emit light during hot summer nights, which the people enjoy watching. This is a form of mating signal, through which the fireflies attract mates of the opposite sex.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types and functions of molecules necessary for the production of light in the firefly lanterns.

Introduction:

The Lampyridae refers to the family of insects present in the beetle order Coleoptera. These are basically winged beetles, which are commonly known as fireflies or lightning bugs. The fireflies emit energy in the form of light and this phenomenon is known as bioluminescence. The light is emitted from an organ known as firefly lantern, which is located in their abdomen.

The fireflies (Photuris pennsylvanica) are known to emit light during hot summer nights, which the people enjoy watching. This is a form of mating signal, through which the fireflies attract mates of the opposite sex.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In order to emit light, they dispense some of their energy utilizing the adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Apart from the ATP, other molecules are also involved in the emission of light, which are luciferin, enzyme (luciferase), and magnesium ions. The luciferin is the main molecule, which is responsible for the generation of light. The energy is provided by the ATP molecule. The researchers have found that luciferin emits maximum light in the presence of magnesium ions. All three molecules emit light when they are activated by enzyme luciferase under aerobic conditions.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that set of molecules, which are responsible for the production of light by the firefly lanterns are luciferin, luciferase, ATP, and magnesium ions. The enzyme luciferase activates luciferin in the presence of ATP. The bioluminescence is further enhanced by the magnesium ions in the fireflies.

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19. On the diagram below a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA. b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing. c. Add the following details to the diagram. Promoter region TATA box Transcription start site Transcription terminator Intron (A,B,C,D) Exons (1,2,3,4,5) Splice sites 5' cap 5' UTR (untranslated region) 3' poly A tail 3' UTR (untranslated region) Translational start (AUG) Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA) N and C ends of polypeptide 0000

Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter labels are not used. MNNNNNNIN M C B A M D F E H K G 8

The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions. 1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction? 2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe: a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why? b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for? 3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale. 4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale. Mutation 1 Mutation 2

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types and functions of molecules necessary for the production of light in the firefly lanterns.

Introduction:

The Lampyridae refers to the family of insects present in the beetle order Coleoptera. These are basically winged beetles, which are commonly known as fireflies or lightning bugs. The fireflies emit energy in the form of light and this phenomenon is known as bioluminescence. The light is emitted from an organ known as firefly lantern, which is located in their abdomen.

The fireflies (Photuris pennsylvanica) are known to emit light during hot summer nights, which the people enjoy watching. This is a form of mating signal, through which the fireflies attract mates of the opposite sex.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In order to emit light, they dispense some of their energy utilizing the adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Apart from the ATP, other molecules are also involved in the emission of light, which are luciferin, enzyme (luciferase), and magnesium ions. The luciferin is the main molecule, which is responsible for the generation of light. The energy is provided by the ATP molecule. The researchers have found that luciferin emits maximum light in the presence of magnesium ions. All three molecules emit light when they are activated by enzyme luciferase under aerobic conditions.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that set of molecules, which are responsible for the production of light by the firefly lanterns are luciferin, luciferase, ATP, and magnesium ions. The enzyme luciferase activates luciferin in the presence of ATP. The bioluminescence is further enhanced by the magnesium ions in the fireflies.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types and functions of molecules necessary for the production of light in the firefly lanterns.

Introduction:

The Lampyridae refers to the family of insects present in the beetle order Coleoptera. These are basically winged beetles, which are commonly known as fireflies or lightning bugs. The fireflies emit energy in the form of light and this phenomenon is known as bioluminescence. The light is emitted from an organ known as firefly lantern, which is located in their abdomen.

The fireflies (Photuris pennsylvanica) are known to emit light during hot summer nights, which the people enjoy watching. This is a form of mating signal, through which the fireflies attract mates of the opposite sex.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In order to emit light, they dispense some of their energy utilizing the adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Apart from the ATP, other molecules are also involved in the emission of light, which are luciferin, enzyme (luciferase), and magnesium ions. The luciferin is the main molecule, which is responsible for the generation of light. The energy is provided by the ATP molecule. The researchers have found that luciferin emits maximum light in the presence of magnesium ions. All three molecules emit light when they are activated by enzyme luciferase under aerobic conditions.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that set of molecules, which are responsible for the production of light by the firefly lanterns are luciferin, luciferase, ATP, and magnesium ions. The enzyme luciferase activates luciferin in the presence of ATP. The bioluminescence is further enhanced by the magnesium ions in the fireflies.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types and functions of molecules necessary for the production of light in the firefly lanterns.

Introduction:

The Lampyridae refers to the family of insects present in the beetle order Coleoptera. These are basically winged beetles, which are commonly known as fireflies or lightning bugs. The fireflies emit energy in the form of light and this phenomenon is known as bioluminescence. The light is emitted from an organ known as firefly lantern, which is located in their abdomen.

The fireflies (Photuris pennsylvanica) are known to emit light during hot summer nights, which the people enjoy watching. This is a form of mating signal, through which the fireflies attract mates of the opposite sex.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In order to emit light, they dispense some of their energy utilizing the adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Apart from the ATP, other molecules are also involved in the emission of light, which are luciferin, enzyme (luciferase), and magnesium ions. The luciferin is the main molecule, which is responsible for the generation of light. The energy is provided by the ATP molecule. The researchers have found that luciferin emits maximum light in the presence of magnesium ions. All three molecules emit light when they are activated by enzyme luciferase under aerobic conditions.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that set of molecules, which are responsible for the production of light by the firefly lanterns are luciferin, luciferase, ATP, and magnesium ions. The enzyme luciferase activates luciferin in the presence of ATP. The bioluminescence is further enhanced by the magnesium ions in the fireflies.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types and functions of molecules necessary for the production of light in the firefly lanterns.

Introduction:

The Lampyridae refers to the family of insects present in the beetle order Coleoptera. These are basically winged beetles, which are commonly known as fireflies or lightning bugs. The fireflies emit energy in the form of light and this phenomenon is known as bioluminescence. The light is emitted from an organ known as firefly lantern, which is located in their abdomen.

The fireflies (Photuris pennsylvanica) are known to emit light during hot summer nights, which the people enjoy watching. This is a form of mating signal, through which the fireflies attract mates of the opposite sex.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In order to emit light, they dispense some of their energy utilizing the adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Apart from the ATP, other molecules are also involved in the emission of light, which are luciferin, enzyme (luciferase), and magnesium ions. The luciferin is the main molecule, which is responsible for the generation of light. The energy is provided by the ATP molecule. The researchers have found that luciferin emits maximum light in the presence of magnesium ions. All three molecules emit light when they are activated by enzyme luciferase under aerobic conditions.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that set of molecules, which are responsible for the production of light by the firefly lanterns are luciferin, luciferase, ATP, and magnesium ions. The enzyme luciferase activates luciferin in the presence of ATP. The bioluminescence is further enhanced by the magnesium ions in the fireflies.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types and functions of molecules necessary for the production of light in the firefly lanterns.

Introduction:

The Lampyridae refers to the family of insects present in the beetle order Coleoptera. These are basically winged beetles, which are commonly known as fireflies or lightning bugs. The fireflies emit energy in the form of light and this phenomenon is known as bioluminescence. The light is emitted from an organ known as firefly lantern, which is located in their abdomen.

The fireflies (Photuris pennsylvanica) are known to emit light during hot summer nights, which the people enjoy watching. This is a form of mating signal, through which the fireflies attract mates of the opposite sex.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In order to emit light, they dispense some of their energy utilizing the adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Apart from the ATP, other molecules are also involved in the emission of light, which are luciferin, enzyme (luciferase), and magnesium ions. The luciferin is the main molecule, which is responsible for the generation of light. The energy is provided by the ATP molecule. The researchers have found that luciferin emits maximum light in the presence of magnesium ions. All three molecules emit light when they are activated by enzyme luciferase under aerobic conditions.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that set of molecules, which are responsible for the production of light by the firefly lanterns are luciferin, luciferase, ATP, and magnesium ions. The enzyme luciferase activates luciferin in the presence of ATP. The bioluminescence is further enhanced by the magnesium ions in the fireflies.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types and functions of molecules necessary for the production of light in the firefly lanterns.

Introduction:

The Lampyridae refers to the family of insects present in the beetle order Coleoptera. These are basically winged beetles, which are commonly known as fireflies or lightning bugs. The fireflies emit energy in the form of light and this phenomenon is known as bioluminescence. The light is emitted from an organ known as firefly lantern, which is located in their abdomen.

The fireflies (Photuris pennsylvanica) are known to emit light during hot summer nights, which the people enjoy watching. This is a form of mating signal, through which the fireflies attract mates of the opposite sex.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In order to emit light, they dispense some of their energy utilizing the adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Apart from the ATP, other molecules are also involved in the emission of light, which are luciferin, enzyme (luciferase), and magnesium ions. The luciferin is the main molecule, which is responsible for the generation of light. The energy is provided by the ATP molecule. The researchers have found that luciferin emits maximum light in the presence of magnesium ions. All three molecules emit light when they are activated by enzyme luciferase under aerobic conditions.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that set of molecules, which are responsible for the production of light by the firefly lanterns are luciferin, luciferase, ATP, and magnesium ions. The enzyme luciferase activates luciferin in the presence of ATP. The bioluminescence is further enhanced by the magnesium ions in the fireflies.

Answer 12

Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1R Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2R Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 1R Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2R Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1R Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2R Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 3R Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1R Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2R Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 3R

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