The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A. Introduction: The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A.

Introduction:

The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm arise from the embryo as a result of gastrulation that is sequentially positioned and organogenesis occurs in a coordinated manner. Some cells migrate anteriorly and becomes the part of endoderm. Another group of cells that migrate towards the midline of the embryo becomes the mesoderm and rest of the cells present above the mesoderm at the periphery forms the ectoderm.

Organs such as epidermis, nervous system, hairs, nails, and mouthparts arise from the ectoderm. The mesoderm also contributes to the formation of nervous system and other organs such as mesenchyme, cardiac and skeletal muscles, and gonads development. Digestive system, respiratory system and other vital organ systems such as endocrine system and urinary system develops from the cells of the endoderm layer.

This differentiation of three layers occurs during the first trimester of the gestation period. Several chemicals, as well as the environmental factors, affect the development of the embryo during this time. Deficiency or increased levels of these chemicals such as vitamins, folic acids, and valproic acid may yield detrimental results for the developing fetus. The deficiency of vitamin A has ill effects on the organs originating from the ectoderm and if present in excess amount then it can result in mesenchymal defects.

Thus, if an infant show defects in cardiovascular system, muscular system, bones, and mesenchyme that is due to the presence of excess levels of vitamin A and not due to deficiency of vitamin A. The reason behind this is deficiency of vitamin A causes defects in the organs originating from the ectoderm layer, whereas the cardiac system, muscular system and mesenchyme are mesodermally originating organs. However, excess level of vitamin A does affect the mesenchyme, which is mesodermally derived.

Conclusion

Therefore, the deficiency of vitamin A do not affect the mesenchyme, bones, cardiac and muscular systems in the infant rather the presence of excess levels of vitamin A cause these defects. Vitamin A deficiency causes defects in the ectodermal derived tissues and organs.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

If using animals in medical experiments could save human lives, is it ethical to do so? In your answer, apply at least one ethical theory in support of your position.

You aim to test the hypothesis that the Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes inhibit each other's expression during limb development. With access to chicken embryos and viruses capable of overexpressing Tbx4 and Tbx5, describe an experiment to investigate whether these genes suppress each other's expression in the limb buds. What results would you expect if they do repress each other? What results would you expect if they do not repress each other?

You decide to delete Fgf4 and Fgf8 specifically in the limb bud. Explain why you would not knock out these genes in the entire embryo instead.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A.

Introduction:

The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm arise from the embryo as a result of gastrulation that is sequentially positioned and organogenesis occurs in a coordinated manner. Some cells migrate anteriorly and becomes the part of endoderm. Another group of cells that migrate towards the midline of the embryo becomes the mesoderm and rest of the cells present above the mesoderm at the periphery forms the ectoderm.

Organs such as epidermis, nervous system, hairs, nails, and mouthparts arise from the ectoderm. The mesoderm also contributes to the formation of nervous system and other organs such as mesenchyme, cardiac and skeletal muscles, and gonads development. Digestive system, respiratory system and other vital organ systems such as endocrine system and urinary system develops from the cells of the endoderm layer.

This differentiation of three layers occurs during the first trimester of the gestation period. Several chemicals, as well as the environmental factors, affect the development of the embryo during this time. Deficiency or increased levels of these chemicals such as vitamins, folic acids, and valproic acid may yield detrimental results for the developing fetus. The deficiency of vitamin A has ill effects on the organs originating from the ectoderm and if present in excess amount then it can result in mesenchymal defects.

Thus, if an infant show defects in cardiovascular system, muscular system, bones, and mesenchyme that is due to the presence of excess levels of vitamin A and not due to deficiency of vitamin A. The reason behind this is deficiency of vitamin A causes defects in the organs originating from the ectoderm layer, whereas the cardiac system, muscular system and mesenchyme are mesodermally originating organs. However, excess level of vitamin A does affect the mesenchyme, which is mesodermally derived.

Conclusion

Therefore, the deficiency of vitamin A do not affect the mesenchyme, bones, cardiac and muscular systems in the infant rather the presence of excess levels of vitamin A cause these defects. Vitamin A deficiency causes defects in the ectodermal derived tissues and organs.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A.

Introduction:

The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm arise from the embryo as a result of gastrulation that is sequentially positioned and organogenesis occurs in a coordinated manner. Some cells migrate anteriorly and becomes the part of endoderm. Another group of cells that migrate towards the midline of the embryo becomes the mesoderm and rest of the cells present above the mesoderm at the periphery forms the ectoderm.

Organs such as epidermis, nervous system, hairs, nails, and mouthparts arise from the ectoderm. The mesoderm also contributes to the formation of nervous system and other organs such as mesenchyme, cardiac and skeletal muscles, and gonads development. Digestive system, respiratory system and other vital organ systems such as endocrine system and urinary system develops from the cells of the endoderm layer.

This differentiation of three layers occurs during the first trimester of the gestation period. Several chemicals, as well as the environmental factors, affect the development of the embryo during this time. Deficiency or increased levels of these chemicals such as vitamins, folic acids, and valproic acid may yield detrimental results for the developing fetus. The deficiency of vitamin A has ill effects on the organs originating from the ectoderm and if present in excess amount then it can result in mesenchymal defects.

Thus, if an infant show defects in cardiovascular system, muscular system, bones, and mesenchyme that is due to the presence of excess levels of vitamin A and not due to deficiency of vitamin A. The reason behind this is deficiency of vitamin A causes defects in the organs originating from the ectoderm layer, whereas the cardiac system, muscular system and mesenchyme are mesodermally originating organs. However, excess level of vitamin A does affect the mesenchyme, which is mesodermally derived.

Conclusion

Therefore, the deficiency of vitamin A do not affect the mesenchyme, bones, cardiac and muscular systems in the infant rather the presence of excess levels of vitamin A cause these defects. Vitamin A deficiency causes defects in the ectodermal derived tissues and organs.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A.

Introduction:

The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm arise from the embryo as a result of gastrulation that is sequentially positioned and organogenesis occurs in a coordinated manner. Some cells migrate anteriorly and becomes the part of endoderm. Another group of cells that migrate towards the midline of the embryo becomes the mesoderm and rest of the cells present above the mesoderm at the periphery forms the ectoderm.

Organs such as epidermis, nervous system, hairs, nails, and mouthparts arise from the ectoderm. The mesoderm also contributes to the formation of nervous system and other organs such as mesenchyme, cardiac and skeletal muscles, and gonads development. Digestive system, respiratory system and other vital organ systems such as endocrine system and urinary system develops from the cells of the endoderm layer.

This differentiation of three layers occurs during the first trimester of the gestation period. Several chemicals, as well as the environmental factors, affect the development of the embryo during this time. Deficiency or increased levels of these chemicals such as vitamins, folic acids, and valproic acid may yield detrimental results for the developing fetus. The deficiency of vitamin A has ill effects on the organs originating from the ectoderm and if present in excess amount then it can result in mesenchymal defects.

Thus, if an infant show defects in cardiovascular system, muscular system, bones, and mesenchyme that is due to the presence of excess levels of vitamin A and not due to deficiency of vitamin A. The reason behind this is deficiency of vitamin A causes defects in the organs originating from the ectoderm layer, whereas the cardiac system, muscular system and mesenchyme are mesodermally originating organs. However, excess level of vitamin A does affect the mesenchyme, which is mesodermally derived.

Conclusion

Therefore, the deficiency of vitamin A do not affect the mesenchyme, bones, cardiac and muscular systems in the infant rather the presence of excess levels of vitamin A cause these defects. Vitamin A deficiency causes defects in the ectodermal derived tissues and organs.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 43, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A.

Introduction:

The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm arise from the embryo as a result of gastrulation that is sequentially positioned and organogenesis occurs in a coordinated manner. Some cells migrate anteriorly and becomes the part of endoderm. Another group of cells that migrate towards the midline of the embryo becomes the mesoderm and rest of the cells present above the mesoderm at the periphery forms the ectoderm.

Organs such as epidermis, nervous system, hairs, nails, and mouthparts arise from the ectoderm. The mesoderm also contributes to the formation of nervous system and other organs such as mesenchyme, cardiac and skeletal muscles, and gonads development. Digestive system, respiratory system and other vital organ systems such as endocrine system and urinary system develops from the cells of the endoderm layer.

This differentiation of three layers occurs during the first trimester of the gestation period. Several chemicals, as well as the environmental factors, affect the development of the embryo during this time. Deficiency or increased levels of these chemicals such as vitamins, folic acids, and valproic acid may yield detrimental results for the developing fetus. The deficiency of vitamin A has ill effects on the organs originating from the ectoderm and if present in excess amount then it can result in mesenchymal defects.

Thus, if an infant show defects in cardiovascular system, muscular system, bones, and mesenchyme that is due to the presence of excess levels of vitamin A and not due to deficiency of vitamin A. The reason behind this is deficiency of vitamin A causes defects in the organs originating from the ectoderm layer, whereas the cardiac system, muscular system and mesenchyme are mesodermally originating organs. However, excess level of vitamin A does affect the mesenchyme, which is mesodermally derived.

Conclusion

Therefore, the deficiency of vitamin A do not affect the mesenchyme, bones, cardiac and muscular systems in the infant rather the presence of excess levels of vitamin A cause these defects. Vitamin A deficiency causes defects in the ectodermal derived tissues and organs.

Answer 6

Chapter 43, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A.

Introduction:

The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm arise from the embryo as a result of gastrulation that is sequentially positioned and organogenesis occurs in a coordinated manner. Some cells migrate anteriorly and becomes the part of endoderm. Another group of cells that migrate towards the midline of the embryo becomes the mesoderm and rest of the cells present above the mesoderm at the periphery forms the ectoderm.

Organs such as epidermis, nervous system, hairs, nails, and mouthparts arise from the ectoderm. The mesoderm also contributes to the formation of nervous system and other organs such as mesenchyme, cardiac and skeletal muscles, and gonads development. Digestive system, respiratory system and other vital organ systems such as endocrine system and urinary system develops from the cells of the endoderm layer.

This differentiation of three layers occurs during the first trimester of the gestation period. Several chemicals, as well as the environmental factors, affect the development of the embryo during this time. Deficiency or increased levels of these chemicals such as vitamins, folic acids, and valproic acid may yield detrimental results for the developing fetus. The deficiency of vitamin A has ill effects on the organs originating from the ectoderm and if present in excess amount then it can result in mesenchymal defects.

Thus, if an infant show defects in cardiovascular system, muscular system, bones, and mesenchyme that is due to the presence of excess levels of vitamin A and not due to deficiency of vitamin A. The reason behind this is deficiency of vitamin A causes defects in the organs originating from the ectoderm layer, whereas the cardiac system, muscular system and mesenchyme are mesodermally originating organs. However, excess level of vitamin A does affect the mesenchyme, which is mesodermally derived.

Conclusion

Therefore, the deficiency of vitamin A do not affect the mesenchyme, bones, cardiac and muscular systems in the infant rather the presence of excess levels of vitamin A cause these defects. Vitamin A deficiency causes defects in the ectodermal derived tissues and organs.

Answer 7

Chapter 43, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The relationship of defects in various bones, muscular system, and cardiovascular system of an infant with the deficiency of vitamin A.

Introduction:

The zygote is formed after the fertilization of an egg with the sperm. It further divides to form blastula that gets implanted into the uterine wall of the mother for its further growth. Formation of three germ layers occurs, from which various organs and organ systems of the fetus originate (organogenesis).

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm arise from the embryo as a result of gastrulation that is sequentially positioned and organogenesis occurs in a coordinated manner. Some cells migrate anteriorly and becomes the part of endoderm. Another group of cells that migrate towards the midline of the embryo becomes the mesoderm and rest of the cells present above the mesoderm at the periphery forms the ectoderm.

Organs such as epidermis, nervous system, hairs, nails, and mouthparts arise from the ectoderm. The mesoderm also contributes to the formation of nervous system and other organs such as mesenchyme, cardiac and skeletal muscles, and gonads development. Digestive system, respiratory system and other vital organ systems such as endocrine system and urinary system develops from the cells of the endoderm layer.

This differentiation of three layers occurs during the first trimester of the gestation period. Several chemicals, as well as the environmental factors, affect the development of the embryo during this time. Deficiency or increased levels of these chemicals such as vitamins, folic acids, and valproic acid may yield detrimental results for the developing fetus. The deficiency of vitamin A has ill effects on the organs originating from the ectoderm and if present in excess amount then it can result in mesenchymal defects.

Thus, if an infant show defects in cardiovascular system, muscular system, bones, and mesenchyme that is due to the presence of excess levels of vitamin A and not due to deficiency of vitamin A. The reason behind this is deficiency of vitamin A causes defects in the organs originating from the ectoderm layer, whereas the cardiac system, muscular system and mesenchyme are mesodermally originating organs. However, excess level of vitamin A does affect the mesenchyme, which is mesodermally derived.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Therefore, the deficiency of vitamin A do not affect the mesenchyme, bones, cardiac and muscular systems in the infant rather the presence of excess levels of vitamin A cause these defects. Vitamin A deficiency causes defects in the ectodermal derived tissues and organs.

Answer 12

Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1R Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 2R Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 3R Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 1R Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 2R Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 3R Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 4R Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 1R Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 2R Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 3R

Concept explainers

Videos

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 43 Solutions