The capability of the response of moths with disrupted tymbal organs to the evasive behaviors of bats. The importance of this parameter for the validity of given experiment. Given information: Researchers used tiger moths ( Bertholdia trigona ) to test whether ultrasonic clicks produced by unique tymbal organs located in the thorax of moths, jam the echolocation to avoid capture by bats. Bats are known to catch these moths by echolocation. Experiments were conducted on two groups of moths, out of which they punctured the tymbal organs of one group carrying 41 moths that makes moth unable to produce sounds (silenced) that can protect them from capture. The other group (38 moths) were kept normal with intact tymbal organs. They were released into the areas where bats were allowed to feed on them. The following tables show the results of this experiment. Figure 1(A) depicts the number of attacks on the bars when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior. There is clearly no difference between behaviors or between silenced moths and clicking moths. However, in Figure 1(B) , the number of captures that were made when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior is depicted that shows a huge difference between them. Figure 1: (A) number of attacks; (B) Number of captures in moths showing evasive behaviors. Introduction: Bats capture their prey moths by the mechanism of echolocation. They generate ultrasonic signals that strike on flying moths and echo back to the bat, signaling them to capture their prey. Moths have the ability to sense those ultrasonic signals with the help of tympana and exhibit some behaviors to prevent capture. Capture is prevented by changes in their flight, dives, and production of ultrasonic clicks.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 45, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

The capability of the response of moths with disrupted tymbal organs to the evasive behaviors of bats. The importance of this parameter for the validity of given experiment.

Given information:

Researchers used tiger moths (Bertholdia trigona) to test whether ultrasonic clicks produced by unique tymbal organs located in the thorax of moths, jam the echolocation to avoid capture by bats. Bats are known to catch these moths by echolocation.

Experiments were conducted on two groups of moths, out of which they punctured the tymbal organs of one group carrying 41 moths that makes moth unable to produce sounds (silenced) that can protect them from capture. The other group (38 moths) were kept normal with intact tymbal organs. They were released into the areas where bats were allowed to feed on them. The following tables show the results of this experiment.

Figure 1(A) depicts the number of attacks on the bars when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior. There is clearly no difference between behaviors or between silenced moths and clicking moths. However, in Figure 1(B), the number of captures that were made when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior is depicted that shows a huge difference between them.

Figure 1: (A) number of attacks; (B) Number of captures in moths showing evasive behaviors.

Introduction:

Bats capture their prey moths by the mechanism of echolocation. They generate ultrasonic signals that strike on flying moths and echo back to the bat, signaling them to capture their prey. Moths have the ability to sense those ultrasonic signals with the help of tympana and exhibit some behaviors to prevent capture. Capture is prevented by changes in their flight, dives, and production of ultrasonic clicks.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The evolution of certain mechanisms in the moths to prevent capture by prey includes the changes in their flight, dive, or by producing ultrasonic clicks. These ultrasonic clicks have echo jamming mechanisms and are produced by tymbal membranes of moths to protect them from being captured.

The data given in Figure 1(A) shows the number of moths that showed evasive behaviors when attacked. It was observed that both the silenced moths and clicked moths respond to the attack by the bats. The silenced moths do not lose its ability to respond and prevent capture by other mechanisms like changes in flight and diving mechanisms. This shows that silencing affects only the responses that are caused by tymbal membranes and moths respond to the ultrasonic waves of bats by showing evasive behaviors.

This is significant for validity of experiment to effectively test the hypothesis made by the researchers that the clicks served as the echolocation jammers.

Conclusion

Thus, moths in the given experiment with disrupted tymbal organ are capable of responding to the ultrasonic waves of the bats with evasive behavior. This indicates that even in the absence of tymbal organs moths prevent capture by other mechanisms.

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Students have asked these similar questions

During a field trip, an instructor touched a moth resting on a tree trunk. The moth raised its forewings to reveal large eyespots on its hind wings. The instructor asked why the moth lifted its wings. One student answered that sensory receptors had fired and triggered a neuronal reflex culminating in the contraction of certain muscles. A second student responded that the behavior might frighten predators. Which statement best describes these explanations? A. The first explanation is correct, but the second is incorrect. B. The first explanation refers to proximate causation, whereas the second refers to ultimate causation. C. The first explanation is biological, whereas the second is philosophical. D. The first explanation is testable as a scientific hypothesis, whereas the second is not.

Imagine you are conducting a beta fish experiment. Your experiment consists of finding the response of the betta fish to various vibrations. This is your results (picture). Put your results into a graph, be sure to include error bars if applicable.

What happened when Thompson temporarily inactivated the lateral interpositus nucleus of a rabbit’s cerebellum during learning? a. The rabbit showed no responses during training but showed evidence of learning as soon as the lateral interpositus nucleus recovered. b. The rabbit showed no responses during training, and after the lateral interpositus nucleus recovered, the rabbit learned at the same pace as a rabbit with no previous training. c. The rabbit showed no evidence of learning during training and no ability to learn even after the lateral interpositus nucleus recovered. d. The rabbit showed normal responses during training but forgot them after the lateral interpositus nucleus recovered.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 45, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

The capability of the response of moths with disrupted tymbal organs to the evasive behaviors of bats. The importance of this parameter for the validity of given experiment.

Given information:

Researchers used tiger moths (Bertholdia trigona) to test whether ultrasonic clicks produced by unique tymbal organs located in the thorax of moths, jam the echolocation to avoid capture by bats. Bats are known to catch these moths by echolocation.

Experiments were conducted on two groups of moths, out of which they punctured the tymbal organs of one group carrying 41 moths that makes moth unable to produce sounds (silenced) that can protect them from capture. The other group (38 moths) were kept normal with intact tymbal organs. They were released into the areas where bats were allowed to feed on them. The following tables show the results of this experiment.

Figure 1(A) depicts the number of attacks on the bars when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior. There is clearly no difference between behaviors or between silenced moths and clicking moths. However, in Figure 1(B), the number of captures that were made when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior is depicted that shows a huge difference between them.

Figure 1: (A) number of attacks; (B) Number of captures in moths showing evasive behaviors.

Introduction:

Bats capture their prey moths by the mechanism of echolocation. They generate ultrasonic signals that strike on flying moths and echo back to the bat, signaling them to capture their prey. Moths have the ability to sense those ultrasonic signals with the help of tympana and exhibit some behaviors to prevent capture. Capture is prevented by changes in their flight, dives, and production of ultrasonic clicks.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The evolution of certain mechanisms in the moths to prevent capture by prey includes the changes in their flight, dive, or by producing ultrasonic clicks. These ultrasonic clicks have echo jamming mechanisms and are produced by tymbal membranes of moths to protect them from being captured.

The data given in Figure 1(A) shows the number of moths that showed evasive behaviors when attacked. It was observed that both the silenced moths and clicked moths respond to the attack by the bats. The silenced moths do not lose its ability to respond and prevent capture by other mechanisms like changes in flight and diving mechanisms. This shows that silencing affects only the responses that are caused by tymbal membranes and moths respond to the ultrasonic waves of bats by showing evasive behaviors.

This is significant for validity of experiment to effectively test the hypothesis made by the researchers that the clicks served as the echolocation jammers.

Conclusion

Thus, moths in the given experiment with disrupted tymbal organ are capable of responding to the ultrasonic waves of the bats with evasive behavior. This indicates that even in the absence of tymbal organs moths prevent capture by other mechanisms.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 45, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

The capability of the response of moths with disrupted tymbal organs to the evasive behaviors of bats. The importance of this parameter for the validity of given experiment.

Given information:

Researchers used tiger moths (Bertholdia trigona) to test whether ultrasonic clicks produced by unique tymbal organs located in the thorax of moths, jam the echolocation to avoid capture by bats. Bats are known to catch these moths by echolocation.

Experiments were conducted on two groups of moths, out of which they punctured the tymbal organs of one group carrying 41 moths that makes moth unable to produce sounds (silenced) that can protect them from capture. The other group (38 moths) were kept normal with intact tymbal organs. They were released into the areas where bats were allowed to feed on them. The following tables show the results of this experiment.

Figure 1(A) depicts the number of attacks on the bars when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior. There is clearly no difference between behaviors or between silenced moths and clicking moths. However, in Figure 1(B), the number of captures that were made when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior is depicted that shows a huge difference between them.

Figure 1: (A) number of attacks; (B) Number of captures in moths showing evasive behaviors.

Introduction:

Bats capture their prey moths by the mechanism of echolocation. They generate ultrasonic signals that strike on flying moths and echo back to the bat, signaling them to capture their prey. Moths have the ability to sense those ultrasonic signals with the help of tympana and exhibit some behaviors to prevent capture. Capture is prevented by changes in their flight, dives, and production of ultrasonic clicks.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The evolution of certain mechanisms in the moths to prevent capture by prey includes the changes in their flight, dive, or by producing ultrasonic clicks. These ultrasonic clicks have echo jamming mechanisms and are produced by tymbal membranes of moths to protect them from being captured.

The data given in Figure 1(A) shows the number of moths that showed evasive behaviors when attacked. It was observed that both the silenced moths and clicked moths respond to the attack by the bats. The silenced moths do not lose its ability to respond and prevent capture by other mechanisms like changes in flight and diving mechanisms. This shows that silencing affects only the responses that are caused by tymbal membranes and moths respond to the ultrasonic waves of bats by showing evasive behaviors.

This is significant for validity of experiment to effectively test the hypothesis made by the researchers that the clicks served as the echolocation jammers.

Conclusion

Thus, moths in the given experiment with disrupted tymbal organ are capable of responding to the ultrasonic waves of the bats with evasive behavior. This indicates that even in the absence of tymbal organs moths prevent capture by other mechanisms.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 45, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

The capability of the response of moths with disrupted tymbal organs to the evasive behaviors of bats. The importance of this parameter for the validity of given experiment.

Given information:

Researchers used tiger moths (Bertholdia trigona) to test whether ultrasonic clicks produced by unique tymbal organs located in the thorax of moths, jam the echolocation to avoid capture by bats. Bats are known to catch these moths by echolocation.

Experiments were conducted on two groups of moths, out of which they punctured the tymbal organs of one group carrying 41 moths that makes moth unable to produce sounds (silenced) that can protect them from capture. The other group (38 moths) were kept normal with intact tymbal organs. They were released into the areas where bats were allowed to feed on them. The following tables show the results of this experiment.

Figure 1(A) depicts the number of attacks on the bars when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior. There is clearly no difference between behaviors or between silenced moths and clicking moths. However, in Figure 1(B), the number of captures that were made when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior is depicted that shows a huge difference between them.

Figure 1: (A) number of attacks; (B) Number of captures in moths showing evasive behaviors.

Introduction:

Bats capture their prey moths by the mechanism of echolocation. They generate ultrasonic signals that strike on flying moths and echo back to the bat, signaling them to capture their prey. Moths have the ability to sense those ultrasonic signals with the help of tympana and exhibit some behaviors to prevent capture. Capture is prevented by changes in their flight, dives, and production of ultrasonic clicks.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The evolution of certain mechanisms in the moths to prevent capture by prey includes the changes in their flight, dive, or by producing ultrasonic clicks. These ultrasonic clicks have echo jamming mechanisms and are produced by tymbal membranes of moths to protect them from being captured.

The data given in Figure 1(A) shows the number of moths that showed evasive behaviors when attacked. It was observed that both the silenced moths and clicked moths respond to the attack by the bats. The silenced moths do not lose its ability to respond and prevent capture by other mechanisms like changes in flight and diving mechanisms. This shows that silencing affects only the responses that are caused by tymbal membranes and moths respond to the ultrasonic waves of bats by showing evasive behaviors.

This is significant for validity of experiment to effectively test the hypothesis made by the researchers that the clicks served as the echolocation jammers.

Conclusion

Thus, moths in the given experiment with disrupted tymbal organ are capable of responding to the ultrasonic waves of the bats with evasive behavior. This indicates that even in the absence of tymbal organs moths prevent capture by other mechanisms.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 45, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

The capability of the response of moths with disrupted tymbal organs to the evasive behaviors of bats. The importance of this parameter for the validity of given experiment.

Given information:

Researchers used tiger moths (Bertholdia trigona) to test whether ultrasonic clicks produced by unique tymbal organs located in the thorax of moths, jam the echolocation to avoid capture by bats. Bats are known to catch these moths by echolocation.

Experiments were conducted on two groups of moths, out of which they punctured the tymbal organs of one group carrying 41 moths that makes moth unable to produce sounds (silenced) that can protect them from capture. The other group (38 moths) were kept normal with intact tymbal organs. They were released into the areas where bats were allowed to feed on them. The following tables show the results of this experiment.

Figure 1(A) depicts the number of attacks on the bars when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior. There is clearly no difference between behaviors or between silenced moths and clicking moths. However, in Figure 1(B), the number of captures that were made when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior is depicted that shows a huge difference between them.

Figure 1: (A) number of attacks; (B) Number of captures in moths showing evasive behaviors.

Introduction:

Bats capture their prey moths by the mechanism of echolocation. They generate ultrasonic signals that strike on flying moths and echo back to the bat, signaling them to capture their prey. Moths have the ability to sense those ultrasonic signals with the help of tympana and exhibit some behaviors to prevent capture. Capture is prevented by changes in their flight, dives, and production of ultrasonic clicks.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The evolution of certain mechanisms in the moths to prevent capture by prey includes the changes in their flight, dive, or by producing ultrasonic clicks. These ultrasonic clicks have echo jamming mechanisms and are produced by tymbal membranes of moths to protect them from being captured.

The data given in Figure 1(A) shows the number of moths that showed evasive behaviors when attacked. It was observed that both the silenced moths and clicked moths respond to the attack by the bats. The silenced moths do not lose its ability to respond and prevent capture by other mechanisms like changes in flight and diving mechanisms. This shows that silencing affects only the responses that are caused by tymbal membranes and moths respond to the ultrasonic waves of bats by showing evasive behaviors.

This is significant for validity of experiment to effectively test the hypothesis made by the researchers that the clicks served as the echolocation jammers.

Conclusion

Thus, moths in the given experiment with disrupted tymbal organ are capable of responding to the ultrasonic waves of the bats with evasive behavior. This indicates that even in the absence of tymbal organs moths prevent capture by other mechanisms.

Answer 6

Chapter 45, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

The capability of the response of moths with disrupted tymbal organs to the evasive behaviors of bats. The importance of this parameter for the validity of given experiment.

Given information:

Researchers used tiger moths (Bertholdia trigona) to test whether ultrasonic clicks produced by unique tymbal organs located in the thorax of moths, jam the echolocation to avoid capture by bats. Bats are known to catch these moths by echolocation.

Experiments were conducted on two groups of moths, out of which they punctured the tymbal organs of one group carrying 41 moths that makes moth unable to produce sounds (silenced) that can protect them from capture. The other group (38 moths) were kept normal with intact tymbal organs. They were released into the areas where bats were allowed to feed on them. The following tables show the results of this experiment.

Figure 1(A) depicts the number of attacks on the bars when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior. There is clearly no difference between behaviors or between silenced moths and clicking moths. However, in Figure 1(B), the number of captures that were made when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior is depicted that shows a huge difference between them.

Figure 1: (A) number of attacks; (B) Number of captures in moths showing evasive behaviors.

Introduction:

Bats capture their prey moths by the mechanism of echolocation. They generate ultrasonic signals that strike on flying moths and echo back to the bat, signaling them to capture their prey. Moths have the ability to sense those ultrasonic signals with the help of tympana and exhibit some behaviors to prevent capture. Capture is prevented by changes in their flight, dives, and production of ultrasonic clicks.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The evolution of certain mechanisms in the moths to prevent capture by prey includes the changes in their flight, dive, or by producing ultrasonic clicks. These ultrasonic clicks have echo jamming mechanisms and are produced by tymbal membranes of moths to protect them from being captured.

The data given in Figure 1(A) shows the number of moths that showed evasive behaviors when attacked. It was observed that both the silenced moths and clicked moths respond to the attack by the bats. The silenced moths do not lose its ability to respond and prevent capture by other mechanisms like changes in flight and diving mechanisms. This shows that silencing affects only the responses that are caused by tymbal membranes and moths respond to the ultrasonic waves of bats by showing evasive behaviors.

This is significant for validity of experiment to effectively test the hypothesis made by the researchers that the clicks served as the echolocation jammers.

Conclusion

Thus, moths in the given experiment with disrupted tymbal organ are capable of responding to the ultrasonic waves of the bats with evasive behavior. This indicates that even in the absence of tymbal organs moths prevent capture by other mechanisms.

Answer 7

Chapter 45, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

The capability of the response of moths with disrupted tymbal organs to the evasive behaviors of bats. The importance of this parameter for the validity of given experiment.

Given information:

Researchers used tiger moths (Bertholdia trigona) to test whether ultrasonic clicks produced by unique tymbal organs located in the thorax of moths, jam the echolocation to avoid capture by bats. Bats are known to catch these moths by echolocation.

Experiments were conducted on two groups of moths, out of which they punctured the tymbal organs of one group carrying 41 moths that makes moth unable to produce sounds (silenced) that can protect them from capture. The other group (38 moths) were kept normal with intact tymbal organs. They were released into the areas where bats were allowed to feed on them. The following tables show the results of this experiment.

Figure 1(A) depicts the number of attacks on the bars when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior. There is clearly no difference between behaviors or between silenced moths and clicking moths. However, in Figure 1(B), the number of captures that were made when silenced or clicking moths exhibited a particular evasive behavior is depicted that shows a huge difference between them.

Figure 1: (A) number of attacks; (B) Number of captures in moths showing evasive behaviors.

Introduction:

Bats capture their prey moths by the mechanism of echolocation. They generate ultrasonic signals that strike on flying moths and echo back to the bat, signaling them to capture their prey. Moths have the ability to sense those ultrasonic signals with the help of tympana and exhibit some behaviors to prevent capture. Capture is prevented by changes in their flight, dives, and production of ultrasonic clicks.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The evolution of certain mechanisms in the moths to prevent capture by prey includes the changes in their flight, dive, or by producing ultrasonic clicks. These ultrasonic clicks have echo jamming mechanisms and are produced by tymbal membranes of moths to protect them from being captured.

The data given in Figure 1(A) shows the number of moths that showed evasive behaviors when attacked. It was observed that both the silenced moths and clicked moths respond to the attack by the bats. The silenced moths do not lose its ability to respond and prevent capture by other mechanisms like changes in flight and diving mechanisms. This shows that silencing affects only the responses that are caused by tymbal membranes and moths respond to the ultrasonic waves of bats by showing evasive behaviors.

This is significant for validity of experiment to effectively test the hypothesis made by the researchers that the clicks served as the echolocation jammers.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Thus, moths in the given experiment with disrupted tymbal organ are capable of responding to the ultrasonic waves of the bats with evasive behavior. This indicates that even in the absence of tymbal organs moths prevent capture by other mechanisms.

Answer 12

Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 1R Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 2R Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 3R Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 4R Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 1R Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 2R Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 3R Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 4R Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 1R Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 2R

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