On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala , and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions: a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species. b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data. c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a). Given: The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog. The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages. Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1) Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238 Tadpoles (late stage) Summer (year 1) 45 55 64 Froglets (newly metamorphosed) Fall (year 1) 32 42 15 Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1 Introduction: In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur. Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 22.4, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To review:

On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala, and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions:

a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species.

b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data.

c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a).

Given:

The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog.

The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages.

Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1)

Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238

Tadpoles (late stage) Summer
(year 1) 45 55 64

Froglets
(newly metamorphosed) Fall
(year 1) 32 42 15

Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1

Introduction:

In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur.

Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

You aim to test the hypothesis that the Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes inhibit each other's expression during limb development. With access to chicken embryos and viruses capable of overexpressing Tbx4 and Tbx5, describe an experiment to investigate whether these genes suppress each other's expression in the limb buds. What results would you expect if they do repress each other? What results would you expect if they do not repress each other?

You decide to delete Fgf4 and Fgf8 specifically in the limb bud. Explain why you would not knock out these genes in the entire embryo instead.

You implant an FGF10-coated bead into the anterior flank of a chicken embryo, directly below the level of the wing bud. What is the phenotype of the resulting ectopic limb? Briefly describe the expected expression domains of 1) Shh, 2) Tbx4, and 3) Tbx5 in the resulting ectopic limb bud.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 22.4, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To review:

On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala, and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions:

a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species.

b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data.

c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a).

Given:

The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog.

The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages.

Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1)

Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238

Tadpoles (late stage) Summer
(year 1) 45 55 64

Froglets
(newly metamorphosed) Fall
(year 1) 32 42 15

Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1

Introduction:

In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur.

Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 22.4, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To review:

On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala, and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions:

a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species.

b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data.

c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a).

Given:

The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog.

The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages.

Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1)

Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238

Tadpoles (late stage) Summer
(year 1) 45 55 64

Froglets
(newly metamorphosed) Fall
(year 1) 32 42 15

Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1

Introduction:

In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur.

Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 22.4, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To review:

On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala, and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions:

a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species.

b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data.

c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a).

Given:

The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog.

The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages.

Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1)

Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238

Tadpoles (late stage) Summer
(year 1) 45 55 64

Froglets
(newly metamorphosed) Fall
(year 1) 32 42 15

Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1

Introduction:

In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur.

Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 22.4, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To review:

On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala, and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions:

a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species.

b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data.

c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a).

Given:

The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog.

The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages.

Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1)

Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238

Tadpoles (late stage) Summer
(year 1) 45 55 64

Froglets
(newly metamorphosed) Fall
(year 1) 32 42 15

Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1

Introduction:

In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur.

Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Answer 6

Chapter 22.4, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To review:

On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala, and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions:

a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species.

b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data.

c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a).

Given:

The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog.

The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages.

Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1)

Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238

Tadpoles (late stage) Summer
(year 1) 45 55 64

Froglets
(newly metamorphosed) Fall
(year 1) 32 42 15

Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1

Introduction:

In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur.

Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Answer 7

Chapter 22.4, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To review:

On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala, and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions:

a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species.

b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data.

c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a).

Given:

The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog.

The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages.

Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1)

Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238

Tadpoles (late stage) Summer
(year 1) 45 55 64

Froglets
(newly metamorphosed) Fall
(year 1) 32 42 15

Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1

Introduction:

In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur.

Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 11

Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 1R Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 2R Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 3R Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 1R Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 3R Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 1R Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 2R Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 3R Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 1R Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 2R

Solution Summary: The author analyzes the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala.

Concept explainers

Videos

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 22 Solutions

Life stage	Season	*R. berlandieri*	*R. sphenocephala*	Hybrids (F1)
Tadpoles (recently hatched)	Spring (year 1)	155	125	238
Tadpoles (late stage)	Summer (year 1)	45	55	64
Froglets (newly metamorphosed)	Fall (year 1)	32	42	15
Frogs (adult)	Year 2	10	15	1