Chapter 8, Problem 133A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given table is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

The distance between the two atoms’ nuclei is termed as chemical bond. Bonds are classified on the basic of the nature of the atoms attached to it. There are mainly three types of chemical bonds.

• Ionic bond
• Covalent bond
• Metallic bond

Answer to Problem 133A

The given table is completed as shown below:

Solid	Bond Description	Characteristic of Solid	Example
Ionic	Attraction between positive ions and negative ions	1. Hard, Rigid, and brittle 2. High melting point. 3. Insulator in solid state.	NaCl
Covalent Molecular	Sharing of electrons between the atoms	1. Soft 2. Low melting point 3. Insulator in solid state.	${\text{CO}}_2$
Metallic	Attraction between positive ions and free electrons	1. Malleable and ductile. 2. High melting point. 3. Conductor of heat and electricity.	Silver (Ag)
Covalent Network	Covalent bond between atoms	1. Hard and brittle 2. Nonconductor	Diamond

Explanation of Solution

The given table is shown below.

Solid	Bond Description	Characteristic of Solid	Example
Ionic
Covalent Molecular
Metallic
Covalent Network

The table is completed as shown below.

Solid	Bond Description	Characteristic of Solid	Example
Ionic	The bond present in ionic solid is ionic bond. Ionic bond is formed by the electrostatic attraction between positive ions and negative ions. It takes place by complete transfer of electron/s.	1. Ionic solid is hard, rigid, and brittle in nature. 2. Ionic solid has highest electrostatic force of attraction between the ions. Therefore, it requires more energy to melt. Therefore, it has high melting point. 3. Ionic solid is insulator in solid state but acts as conductor in molten state.	NaCl
Covalent Molecular	The bond present in covalent molecular solid is covalent bond. Covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons between the two atoms.	1. Covalent molecular solid is soft in nature. 2. It has low melting point. 3. Covalent molecular solid is insulator in solid state.	${\text{CO}}_2$
Metallic	The bond present in metallic solid is metallic bond. Metallic solid is formed by the attraction between positive ions and free electrons.	1. Metallic solid is malleable and ductile in nature. 2. It has high melting point. 3. Due to presence of free electron, metallic solid is a good conductor of heat and electricity.	Silver (Ag)
Covalent Network	The bond present in covalent solid is covalent bond. In covalent network solid, one atom is covalently bonded to many atoms.	1. Covalent network solid is hard and brittle in nature. 2. Covalent network solid is a nonconductor	Diamond