Concept explainers
Interpretation: Octet rule and its use in the formation of covalent bonding needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction: Noble gases show a stable electron arrangement. This stable arrangement contains a complete outer energy level and smaller potential energy compared to other electron arrangements.
Answer to Problem 78A
According to the octet rule atoms gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full set of valence electrons that is eight electrons in the outermost shell. To produce covalent bonds, two atoms share a pair of electrons.
Explanation of Solution
The octet rule explains the formation of ions. In the periodic table, the elements placed at the right side tend to gain electrons in order to achieve the noble gas configuration; therefore, these elements produce negative ions. Similarly, left side elements of the periodic table release electrons and produce positive ions. To form a covalent bond two atoms share a pair of electrons. This electron pair gives each atom a complete octet.
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