Chapter 8, Problem 10STP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that is nonpolar is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The asymmetric structure and presence of polar covalent bonds confirms that the molecule is polar in nature. The molecule having some dipole moment is termed as polar molecule and the molecule with no dipole moment or zero dipole moment is identified as nonpolar molecule.

Answer to Problem 10STP

The compound that is nonpolar is ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$. Therefore, option (B) is the correct option.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option: The given molecules are ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}$, ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$, ${\text{SiH}}_{\text{3}}\text{Cl}$, ${\text{AsH}}_{\text{3}}$. Here, ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$ is tetrahedral and therefore symmetrical. The structure of ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$ is shown below.

In ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$, the charge distribution at any distance from its center is equal but opposite in direction. Therefore, the partial charges in ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$ are balance which makes ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$ as a nonpolar compound. Therefore, option (B) is the correct option.

Conclusion

Reason for incorrect option: The compound ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}$ is polar in nature. So, A is incorrect option.

The compound ${\text{SiH}}_{\text{3}}\text{Cl}$ is polar in nature. So, C is incorrect option.

The compound ${\text{AsH}}_{\text{3}}$ is polar in nature. So, D is incorrect option.