Chapter F, Problem B.5E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nuclide of an atom that has $117$ neutrons, $77$ protons, and $77$ electrons has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Complete chemical symbol notation can be given as.

An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken by ordinary chemical reactions into simpler substances.  All the atoms in an element will have the same atomic number.  The electrons only take part in the chemical reaction while the nucleus does not.  Hence, the atomic number (number or protons) does not change and it characterizes an atom.

Atomic number for each and every element is a unique one.  This is the total number of protons that is present in an atom.  As the atom is electrically neutral, it can also be said that the total number of electrons is the atomic number.  Atomic number is represented by the symbol Z.

Mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus of an atom.  This gives the number of subatomic particle present inside the nucleus.  Mass number is represented by the symbol A.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nuclide of an atom that has $12$ neutrons, $10$ protons, and $10$ electrons has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nuclide of an atom that has $28$ neutrons, $23$ protons, and $23$ electrons has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).