Chapter F, Problem J.9E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The salt that is produced from potassium hydroxide and acetic acid by means of neutralization reaction has to be given and also the complete ionic equation has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction between the acid and base is known as a neutralization reaction.  The product formed in neutralization reaction is salt and water.  The net reaction that takes place between the acid and base solutions is that the formation of water from hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions.  Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between a strong acid and a metal hydroxide.

    $\text{Acid}+\text{Base}\to \text{Salt}+\text{Water}$

Complete ionic equation is the one that shows all the species that is present in the chemical reaction.  The dissolved ionic compounds are alone showed as ions.  Precipitates are not showed as ions.

Answer to Problem J.9E

The salt that is produced is potassium acetate.  Complete ionic equation is ${\text{K}}^{\text{+}}(aq){\text{+OH}}^{-}(aq)+{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH(aq)}\to {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COO}}^{-}{\text{(aq)+K}}^{\text{+}}(aq)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$.

Explanation of Solution

The acid and base given is acetic acid and potassium hydroxide respectively.  The reaction between acid and base results in formation of salt and water.  Potassium hydroxide is a very strong base while acetic acid is a weak acid.  The reaction between potassium hydroxide and acetic acid results in formation of potassium acetate.  Chemical equation can be given as shown below;

    $\text{KOH}(aq)+{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}(aq)\to {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOK}(aq)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$

Therefore, the salt formed is potassium acetate.  Complete ionic equation can be written by showing the ions explicitly that are in aqueous medium.  This can be written as follows;

    ${\text{K}}^{\text{+}}(aq){\text{+OH}}^{-}(aq)+{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH(aq)}\to {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COO}}^{-}{\text{(aq)+K}}^{\text{+}}(aq)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The salt that is produced from ammonia and phosphoric acid by means of neutralization reaction has to be given and also the complete ionic equation has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

Answer to Problem J.9E

The salt that is produced is ammonium phosphate.  Complete ionic equation is ${\text{3NH}}_{\text{3}}(aq)+3{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}(aq)+{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{3-}(aq)\to 3{\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}{\text{(aq)+PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{3-}(aq)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$.

Explanation of Solution

The acid and base given is phosphoric acid and ammonia respectively.  The reaction between acid and base results in formation of salt and water.  Ammonia is a base while phosphoric acid is a strong acid.  The reaction between ammonia and phosphoric acid results in formation of ammonium phosphate.  Chemical equation can be given as shown below;

    ${\text{3NH}}_{\text{3}}(aq)+{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}(aq)\to {({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}(aq)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$

Therefore, the salt formed is ammonium phosphate.  Complete ionic equation can be written by showing the ions explicitly that are in aqueous medium.  This can be written as follows;

    ${\text{3NH}}_{\text{3}}(aq)+3{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}(aq)+{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{3-}(aq)\to 3{\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}{\text{(aq)+PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{3-}(aq)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The salt that is produced from calcium hydroxide and bromous acid by means of neutralization reaction has to be given and also the complete ionic equation has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

Answer to Problem J.9E

The salt that is produced is calcium bromite.  Complete ionic equation is ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{(aq)+2OH}}^{-}(aq)+2{\text{HBrO}}_{\text{2}}(aq)\to {\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{(aq)+2BrO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}(aq)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$.

Explanation of Solution

The acid and base given is bromous acid and calcium hydroxide respectively.  The reaction between acid and base results in formation of salt and water.  Calcium hydroxide is a strong base while bromous acid is a weak acid.  The reaction between calcium hydroxide and bromous acid results in formation of calcium bromite.  Chemical equation can be given as shown below;

    ${\text{Ca(OH)}}_{\text{2}}(aq)+2{\text{HBrO}}_{\text{2}}(aq)\to {\text{Ca(BrO}}_{\text{2}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}(aq)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$

Therefore, the salt formed is calcium bromite.  Complete ionic equation can be written by showing the ions explicitly that are in aqueous medium.  This can be written as follows;

    ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{(aq)+2OH}}^{-}(aq)+2{\text{HBrO}}_{\text{2}}(aq)\to {\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{(aq)+2BrO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}(aq)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The salt that is produced from sodium hydroxide and hydrosulfuric acid by means of neutralization reaction has to be given and also the complete ionic equation has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

Answer to Problem J.9E

The salt that is produced is sodium sulfide.  Complete ionic equation is ${\text{2Na}}^{\text{+}}{\text{(aq)+2OH}}^{-}(aq)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}(aq)\to {\text{2Na}}^{\text{+}}\text{(aq)}+{\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}(aq)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$.

Explanation of Solution

The acid and base given is hydrosulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide respectively.  The reaction between acid and base results in formation of salt and water.  Sodium hydroxide is a strong base while hydrosulfuric acid is a weak acid.  The reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrosulfuric acid results in formation of sodium sulfide.  Chemical equation can be given as shown below;

    $\text{2NaOH}(aq)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}(aq)\to {\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}(aq)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$

Therefore, the salt formed is sodium sulfide.  Complete ionic equation can be written by showing the ions explicitly that are in aqueous medium.  This can be written as follows;

    ${\text{2Na}}^{\text{+}}{\text{(aq)+2OH}}^{-}(aq)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}(aq)\to {\text{2Na}}^{\text{+}}\text{(aq)}+{\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}(aq)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$