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All Textbook Solutions for Principles of Management
What is an organizational structure?What are different types of organizational structures?What is organizational design?What concepts should guide decisions about how to design structures?What is organizational change?What are the fundamental dimensions of change?What are organizational development (OD) and change management?What questions may be used to guide OD and change management?What are the common models of OD and change management?What is an organizational structure?What are different types of organizational structures?What is organizational design?What concepts should guide decisions about how to design structures?What is organizational change?What are the fundamental dimensions of change?What are organizational development (OD) and change management?What questions may be used to guide OD and change management?What are the common models of OD and change management?What type of change is this: transformational or incremental? Why?What level(s) of change is Meyer aiming for in this case?What models are consistent with Meyers process for designing and implementing change?What do you believe is contributing to the growth of the fractional HR and HR outsourcing trend? Do you expect this trend to continue?At what point should a company consider bringing on a full-time HR resource instead of using a fractional HR resource? What questions should the company ask itself?How has the function of human resource management evolved over the years?In what way do you usually interact with human resources?What are some of the key regulations that guide the compliance work of human resource management?What does an employee handbook provide to an organization?What are the challenges of a company developing a different competency model or performance management process for each of its local offices?Why might compensation programs and hiring practices need to have local adaptation? What would be the risks if these were not adapted to local markets?Where did the concept of performance management originate?What are some of the key challenges of any performance management process?What does a pay-for-performance strategy mean for a company?What is the first step in defining an organizations pay-for-performance strategy?What are some best practices for recruiting and hiring leadership candidates?How can we ensure a more successful integration of the new hire?How does real-time performance management compare to the traditional annual performance process? How can a real-time process help an employee be more effective? What are some potential drawbacks?Why do you think learning systems evolved in this way? Is there still a place for group classroom training? What types of learning might require classroom training, and what is better suited for online and YouTube-style learning?What is the difference between the performance and potential categories used in the talent review?What roles should an organization discuss as part of the succession planning process?What are the four waves of the human resource management evolution?What are some of the key regulations that human resources must manage compliance with?What are some of the unintended consequences of a forced ranking system?What are some of the performance management challenges that must be addressed, no matter what the system?Why are many companies interested in moving to a pay-for-performance strategy?What are the main process steps for implementing pay for performance?What are some best practices for recruiting new leadership candidates?Describe the steps of a talent review session.What is the difference between performance and potential?How can you tell if a candidate has potential?What are some of the human resource management processes that might be enhanced by a Holacracy? What processes will be challenged?Do you think that a Holacracy can be compared to a consulting company? How are they similar,s and how are they different? Can you think of work areas or industries in which Holacracy would be very difficult to implement?What is diversity?What are the three types of diversity encountered in the workplace?What are some efforts companies in the sharing economy can take before problems of discrimination threaten to disrupt operations?Should Airbnb be held responsible for discriminatory actions of its hosts?Should all companies use blind recruiting in place of traditional recruiting, or are there exceptions that must be considered?If blind recruiting helps eliminate bias during the recruitment process, then what does that say about social media platforms such as Linked In that are commonly used for recruiting applicants? Will using those platforms expose companies to greater liability compared to using more traditional means of recruiting?How does blind recruiting help organizations? How may it hinder organizations?How is diversity defined in relation to the workplace?What are the components that make up a diverse workplace and workforce?What are the challenges and opportunities that diversity provides to companies?What are the responsibilities of human resources regarding diversity?Can diversity be a strategic advantage to organizations?What is the role of the EEOC?What are the types of discrimination encountered in the workplace?What are the theories that can help managers understand diversity?How can managers reap the benefits of diversity?How can managers mitigate the challenges of diversity?What is the access-and-legitimacy perspective? Differentiate it from the discrimination-and-fairness perspective.Why do you believe diversity training is resisted by some employees?Do you believe there will always be a need for workplace diversity training?How would you determine what types of diversity training are needed at your company?How can managers ensure fairness in the interviewing and selection process regarding diversity?What is the role of leadership regarding diversity?Define the three types of diversity and compare them using examples for each type.How are demographics of the workforce changing?What are some major challenges that women face in organizations?What is the model minority myth? How does it compare to how Blacks and Hispanics are stereotyped?What are some benefits of hiring older workers?Why would an employee pass or reveal at work? What are the positive and negative consequences of doing so?Explain the six benefits of workplace diversity described by Cox and Blakes business case for diversity.Compare how the cognitive diversity hypothesis and the similarity-attraction paradigm relate to diversity outcomes.Based on the justification-suppression model, explain why individuals act on their prejudicial beliefs.Describe challenges that managers must face when managing diversity.How can employees ensure they are compliant with the laws and legislation enforced by the EEOC?What are some recommendations for managing diversity?Based on Coxs business case for diversity, what are some positive outcomes that may result in changes to Ubers leadership team?Under what form of federal legislation was Fowler protected?What strategies should have been put in place to help prevent sexual harassment incidents like this from happening in the first place?What is the nature of leadership and the leadership process?Why would start-up leaders need different leadership qualities than someone managing an established firm?Vaynerchuk has been quoted as saying that if you live for Friday, get a different job. How does this apply to successful entrepreneurs?What are the processes associated with people coming to leadership positions?What is the role of the leader and follower in the leadership process?How do the theories of Tannenbaum and Schmidts leadership continuum and McGregors Theory X and Theory Y attempt to define leadership?What are the trait perspectives on leadership?What are the behavioral approaches to defining leadership?What roles do gender and the popular perceptions of gender roles have on views of leadership traits?Identify and describe the variables presented in Fiedlers theory of leadership.What are the leadership behaviors in the path-goal theory of leadership?What role does culture have in how leadership is viewed?What are the differences between the trait, behavioral, and situational approaches to defining leadership?What do you think are the most important qualities in a leader? In a manager? Are your two lists mutually exclusive? Why?How do you think a leader can use feedback to model the growth process for employees?Identify and describe substitutes of leadership.In the summer of 2017, Transport of London (TfL) began proceedings to revoke Ubers permit to operate in London. How do think Ubers poor corporate reputation may have been a factor in TfLs thinking?What steps do you think Ubers new CEO, Dara Khosrowshahi, needs to take to repair Ubers reputation?Despite Ubers apparent success in launching in multiple markets, it continues to post quarterly losses in the millions and shareholders effectively subsidize 59 percent of every ride (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-profitability/true-price-of-an-uber-ride-in-question-asinvestors-assess-firms-value-idUSKCN1B3103). How is this an outworking of Ubers overall corporate culture?What are the defining characteristics of transformational and charismatic leaders?What is the role of leadership in the 21st century?Define leadership and distinguish between leadership and management.Discuss the processes associated with people coming to positions of leadership.Discuss the different forms of power available to leaders and the effects associated with each.It has been observed that effective leaders have the right stuff. What traits are commonly associated with leader emergence and effective leaders?Both the Ohio State University and University of Michigan leadership studies identified central leader behaviors. What are these behaviors, and how are they different from one another?Blake and Moutons work with the Leadership Grid® identified several leadership types. What are they, and how does this leadership model look from the perspective of situation theories of leadership?Identify and describe the three situational variables presented in Fiedlers contingency theory of leadership.What are the four leadership behaviors in the path-goal theory of leadership?Discuss the differences between the internal and external leadership roles surrounding self-managed work teams.What are substitutes for leadership? What are neutralizers? Give an example of each.What are the distinguishing features of the transformational and the charismatic leader?How have other airlines handled similar situations?How much was in United Airliness control, and how much was actually outside their control? What social or company factors caused a seemingly common practice to escalate to this level?How did the other airlines or the industry respond to the United Airlines incident?Explain the two drivers of motivation: direction and intensity.What are the differences between content and process theories of motivation?Will there ever be a grand theory of motivation?Do you think social responsibility to promote sustainable practices? Why or why not?Do you think most companies CSR programs are essentially PR gimmicks? Why or why not? Give examples.Understand the content theories of motivation.Understand the contributions that Murray, McClelland, Maslow, Alderfer, and Herzberg made toward an understanding of human motivation.As a Western manager working in the Middle East or sub-Saharan Africa, what motivational issues might you face?What problems would you expect a manager from a Confucian culture to encounter managing employees in America? In Europe?What regional, cultural, or ethnic issues do you think managers have to navigate within the United States?Understand the process theories of motivation: operant conditioning, equity, goal, and expectancy theories.Describe the managerial factors managers must consider when applying motivational approaches.In the article from Hear from Entrepreneurs, one respondent called motivation garbage? Would you agree or disagree, and why?How is staying motivated as an entrepreneur similar to being motivated to pursue a college degree? Do you think the two are related? How?How would you expect motivation to vary across cultures?[/BOX]Understand the modern approaches to motivation theory.Discuss the benefits that accrue when an organization has a good understanding of employee needs.How might Maslow explain why organizational rewards that motivate workers today may not motivate the same workers in 5 or 10 years?Describe the process by which needs motivate workers.Discuss the importance of Herzbergs motivators and hygienes.Describe a work situation in which it would be appropriate to use a continuous reinforcement schedule.Discuss the potential effectiveness and limitations of punishment in organizations.How can equity theory explain why a person who receives a high salary might be dissatisfied with their pay?Equity theory specifies a number of possible alternatives for reducing perceived inequity. How could an organization influence which of these alternatives a person will pursue?What goals would be most likely to improve your learning and performance in an organizational behavior class?Identify two reasons why a formal goal-setting program might be dysfunctional for an organization.What steps can an organization take to increase the motivational force for high levels of performance?Discuss how supervisors sometimes unintentionally weaken employees and expectancies.How can an employee attach high valence to high levels of performance, yet not be motivated to be a high performer?Is there one best motivation theory? Explain your answer.A 2015 New York Times article described Amazon as a soulless, dystopian workplace where no fun is had and no laughter heard (Cook 2015 n.p.). Employees themselves came to the companys defense (Ciubotariu 2015). Does this reputation continue to haunt Amazon, or has it been addressed?How do employees differ between a Walmart retail location and an Amazon order fulfillment center? How many white-collar or skilled jobs does Amazon have compared to Walmart?With Amazon moving into the retail market with the purchase of Whole Foods, and with Walmart expanding its e-commerce, how are employee motivation challenges going to shift?What is the definition of a team?Name some practices that can make a team more successful.Why might it be a bad decision to hire someone for a key startup role based only on the fact that the person is close family or a friend? What are the potential tradeoffs to the business?What does it mean for the three Rs to be in alignment? What is the potential risk of these not being in alignment? What could go wrong?What are the four stages of team development?What can cause a team to regress in its development?Do you agree with the statement that what got you there isnt what will make you successful in the future? Why or why not?Who would be on your stakeholder checklist? Which stakeholders are you already engaging and building relationships with?Discuss the paradox(es) of a team.How can a leader manage team boundaries?What are some techniques to make conflict more productive?What are some destructive responses to conflict?Why do diverse teams focus more on data than homogeneous teams?How are diversity and innovation related?What are some multicultural experiences that youve had in which you feel that there was a very wide gap between you and an individual from another culture? How did you handle it?Has economic globalization helped people to bridge these cultural gaps? Why or why not?What are some of the challenges of a multicultural team?Explain the cultural intelligence techniques of head, body, and heart.What are the key differences between a team and a working group?At what stage of team development does the team finally start to see results?What can cause a team to digress to an earlier stage of team development?What can a team leader do to manage the teams boundaries?How does managing conflict help a team learn and grow?What are some strategies to make conflict more productive?Why are diverse teams better at decision-making and problem-solving?Why do diverse teams utilize data more often than homogeneous teams?What are some of the challenges that multicultural teams face?What are the key sources of cultural intelligence?If you dont have a diverse group of people on your team, how can you ensure that you will have robust discussions and decision-making? What techniques can you use to generate conversations from different perspectives?Evaluate your own team at work. Is it a diverse team? How would you rate the quality of decisions generated from that group?Describe the communication process.Why is feedback a critical part of the communication process?What are some things that managers can do to reduce noise in communication?How are you managing your e-mails now? Are you mixing personal and school and work-related e-mails in the same account?How would you communicate to a colleague that is sending too many FYI e-mails, sending too may unclear e-mails, or copying too many people on her messages?What are the three major types of communication?How can you manage the inflow of electronic communication?What are the major influences on organizational communication, and how can organizational design affect communication?What are the major roles that managers play in communicating with employees?Why are negotiations often brought into communications by managers?How are corporate reputations affected by the communication of managers and public statements?Why is corporate reputation important?Is it ethical for U.S. companies to lay off workers and hire foreign workers under the H-IB program? Should foreign countries restrict the hiring of foreign workers that meet their workforce requirements?Discuss the internal and external communications that Disney employed in this situation. The examples here are of the formal written communications. What should Disney have been communicating verbally to their employees and externally?What are the four components of communication discussed in this section?Why is it important to understand your limitations in communicating to others and in larger groups?Why should managers always strive to improve their skills?Describe the communication process.Whys is feedback a critical part of the communication process?What are some things that managers can do to reduce noise in communication?Compare and contrast the three primary forms of interpersonal communication.Describe the various individual communication roles in organizations.How can managers better manage their effectiveness by managing e-mail communication?Which communication roles are most important in facilitating managerial effectiveness?Identify barriers to effective communication.How can barriers to effective communication be overcome by managers?How should Facebook respond to the 2014 research situation? How could an earlier response have helped the company avoid the 2018 controversies and keep the trust of its users?Should the company promise to never again conduct a survey of this sort? Should it go even further and explicitly ban research intended to manipulate the responses of its users?How can Facebook balance the concerns of its users with the necessity of generating revenue through advertising?What processes or structures should Facebook establish to make sure it does not encounter these issues again?Respond in writing to the issues presented in this case by preparing two documents: a communication strategy memo and a professional business letter to advertisers.What is the process where managers establish goals and outline how these goals will be met called?How do the internal and external environments of the organization and its strengths and weaknesses impact the planning process?Why should managers plan?What are the five steps in the planning process?What is the difference between goal, domain, and hybrid planning?How are planning, implementation, and controlling related?Define and describe the different types of plans defined in Table 17.1 and how organizations use them.What is the difference between official and operational goals?How do multiple goals fit into a goal hierarchy?What ethical problems could surface with data mining as it applies to employee health records?What security risks would a company need to consider when utilizing smartphone apps for work?How do todays organizations approach planning?Does planning pay off for todays organizations?Which people in the organization should be involved in planning, and what are their roles?How is goal theory used in the planning process?What are the organizational downsides to goals?How is goal setting tied to job satisfaction and performance?What is management by objectives?What other applications can you see for blockchain technology? Would they reduce costs?What drawbacks or potentials risks do you see in blockchain technology?Do you think blockchain technology could be used to offset currency fluctuations? Would this likely increase or decrease the risk?Why would governments be suspicious of cryptocurrencies and consider regulating or outlawing them? Have any governments done so to date?Describe the execution of the planning and controlling activities under control- and involvement- oriented management practices.Define managerial planning and controlling.Discuss the relationship between the two managerial functions of planning and controlling.Identify and briefly describe each stage in the planning and controlling processes.Compare and contrast three different types of planning.What are multiple goals? What is a goal hierarchy? How are these concepts related?Briefly describe the two views of the goal formulation process, and explain how they differ.Describe the MBO process, the philosophy behind it, and its relationship with performance.Distinguish between cybernetic and noncybernetic control and between pre, concurrent, and postaction control sytems.Identify and discuss three positive and three negative effects often associated with control systems.How does the desire for personal control affect managers, and how can they balance it with organizational control systems?What do you think are some of the difficulties of adding 25 percent more employees for the holiday season? what kind of planning do you think would be needed?China effectively shuts down for two weeks each year and celebrates the lunar new year. How does that resemble (or not) peak season in Western countries?The case focuses on U.S. markets. How are European markets affected by holiday shopping?Have your own shopping habits changed with the ease of online shopping? If so, how? Do you expect them to change when you graduate and have more disposable income?How do companies benefit from participating in an electronic trading hub?What impact does electronic trading have on the global economy?How are management of technology and management of innovation similar? How are they different?How can firms create value through good management of technology and innovation?How has Acer managed its technology and innovation processes?How do managers develop technology and innovation?What are the advantages and disadvantages of each creation method?Look at the Acer case at the beginning of the chapter and respond to the following items. 1. Identify the times Acer used external methods of acquiring newness for their organization.Look at the Acer case at the beginning of the chapter and respond to the following items. 2. What goals did they accomplish?How is Guidance Software responding to and helping to manage changes in our technology-driven world?What other types of forensics software do you foresee a need for in the future? Do you think there are ethical issues in using forensics software, and why or why not?What are the benefits and risks of Guidance Software being acquired by a larger company?Look at the Acer case at the beginning of the chapter. Identify the times they used internal methods of acquiring newness for their organization.What goals did they accomplish?In the beginning, Acer was very entrepreneurial. However, the firm realized that if it was to continue to grow, it needed to develop some structures and processes. What adjustments did Acer make to become a global firm?What is organizational learning?What are the differences between leadership and followship?What forecasting techniques are used in the management of technology and innovation?How do you keep up with a constantly evolving environment of technology and innovation?How do we define technology and innovation, and how are they related?What are the four areas that need to be managed by the firm if it is going to take advantage of the technology it has and the technology it needs to create?What are the five Cs of managing innovation, and how do they help direct a firms innovation activities?How does an organization enhance its agility? When is more agility needed in the firm?Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the three approaches for technology and innovation development.What circumstances indicate a firm should consider an external process for developing/acquiring technology?How does a firm determine the type of external process for developing/acquiring technology it should pursue?What are the benefits of using internal sources for developing new technologies, products, and/or processes? What are the potential disadvantages?How does an entrepreneurial firm identify and utilize a value prosposition?How does knowledge management impact the management of technology and innovation?Followship is critical to MTl—how does the quality of followship in the organization impact the ability of leadership to create value?How does the management of technology and innovation help a firm create value? Why should the firm strive to have a unique value proposition?What factors contributed to Novartiss invoice processing being so complex?How did IT help the company solve that problem?What other uses and functions does Input Accel serve, and how will this be useful to Novartis over the long term? (You may want to visit the EMC/Captiva website. https://www.emc.com. for more information on Input Accels capabilities.)