EBK ESSENTIAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - 3rd Edition - by Bruice - ISBN 8220100659461

EBK ESSENTIAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
3rd Edition
Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
ISBN: 8220100659461

Solutions for EBK ESSENTIAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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Problem 1P:

Oxygen has three isotopes, 16O, 17O, and 18O. The atomic number of oxygen is 8. How many protons and...

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Name: EBK ESSENTIAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Author: Bruice
ISBN: 8220100659461

Chapter 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure And Bonding Chapter 1.1 - The Structure Of An Atom Chapter 1.2 - How The Electrons In An Atom Are Distributed Chapter 1.3 - Ionic And Covalent Bonds Chapter 1.4 - How The Structure Of A Compound Is Represented Chapter 1.7 - How Single Bonds Are Formed In Organic Compounds Chapter 1.9 - How A Triple Bond Is Formed: The Bonds In Ethyne Chapter 1.11 - The Bonds In Ammonia And In The Ammonium Ion Chapter 1.12 - The Bonds In Water Chapter 1.13 - The Bond In A Hydrogen Halide

Chapter 1.14 - Summary: Hybridization, Bond Lengths, Bond Strengths, And Bond Angles Chapter 1.15 - Dipole Moments Of Molecules Chapter 2 - Acids And Bases: Central To Understanding Organic Chemistry Chapter 2.1 - An Introduction To Acids And Bases Chapter 2.2 - Pka And Ph Chapter 2.3 - Organic Acids And Bases Chapter 2.4 - How To Predict The Outcome Of An Acid-base Reaction Chapter 2.5 - How To Determine The Position Of Equilibrium Chapter 2.6 - How The Structure Of An Acid Affects Its Pka Value Chapter 2.7 - How Substituents Affect The Strength Of An Acid Chapter 2.8 - An Introduction To Delocalized Electrons Chapter 2.10 - How Ph Affects The Structure Of An Organic Compound Chapter 2.11 - Buffer Solutions Chapter 3 - An Introduction To Organic Compounds Chapter 3.1 - How Alkyl Substituents Are Named Chapter 3.2 - The Nomenclature Of Alkanes Chapter 3.3 - The Nomenclature Of Cycloalkanes • Skeletal Structures Chapter 3.4 - The Nomenclature Of Alkyl Halides Chapter 3.5 - The Classification Of Alkyl Halides, Alcohols, And Amines Chapter 3.6 - The Structures Of Alkyl Halides, Alcohols, Ethers, And Amines Chapter 3.7 - Noncovalent Interactions Chapter 3.8 - Factors That Affect The Solubility Of Organic Compounds Chapter 3.9 - Rotation Occurs About Carbon-carbon Single Bonds Chapter 3.11 - Conformers Of Cyclohexane Chapter 3.12 - Conformers Of Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes Chapter 3.13 - Conformers Of Disubstituted Cyclohexanes Chapter 4 - Isomers: The Arrangement Of Atoms In Space Chapter 4.1 - Cis-trans Isomers Result From Restricted Rotation Chapter 4.2 - Designating Geometric Isomers Using The E,z System Chapter 4.3 - A Chiral Object Has A Nonsuperimposable Mirror Image Chapter 4.4 - An Asymmetric Center Is A Cause Of Chirality In A Molecule Chapter 4.5 - Isomers With One Asymmetric Center Chapter 4.6 - How To Draw Enantiomers Chapter 4.7 - Naming Enantiomers By The R,s System Chapter 4.8 - Chiral Compounds Are Optically Active Chapter 4.9 - How Specific Rotation Is Measured Chapter 4.10 - Isomers With More Than One Asymmetric Center Chapter 4.11 - Stereoisomers Of Cyclic Compounds Chapter 4.12 - Meso Compounds Have Asymmetric Centers But Are Optically Inactive Chapter 5 - Alkenes Chapter 5.1 - The Nomenclature Of Alkenes Chapter 5.3 - How Alkenes React • Curved Arrows Show The Flow Of Electrons Chapter 5.4 - Thermodynamics: How Much Product Is Formed?Chapter 5.6 - Calculating Δη° Values To Determine The Relative Stabilities Of Alkenes Chapter 5.7 - Kinetics: How Fast Is The Product Formed?Chapter 5.9 - A Reaction Coordinate Diagram Describes The Energy Changes That Take Place During A Reaction Chapter 5.10 - Catalysis Chapter 6 - The Reaction Of Alkenes And Alkynes Chapter 6.1 - The Addition Of A Hydrogen Halide To An Alkene Chapter 6.2 - Carbocation Stability Depends On The Number Of Alkyl Groups Attached To The Positively Charged Carbon Chapter 6.3 - Electrphilic Addition Reactions Are Regioselective Chapter 6.5 - The Addition Of Water To An Alkene Chapter 6.6 - The Stereochemistry Of Alkene Reactions Chapter 6.8 - Enantiomers Can Be Distinguished By Biological Molecules Chapter 6.10 - The Nomenclature Of Alkynes Chapter 6.11 - The Structure Of Alkynes Chapter 6.13 - The Addition Of A Hydrogen Halide To An Alkyne Chapter 6.14 - The Addition Of Water To An Alkyne Chapter 6.15 - The Addition Of Hydrogen To An Alkyne Chapter 7 - Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect On Stability, Pka, And The Products Of A Reaction • Aromaticity And Electronic Effects: An Introduction To The Reactions Of Benzene Chapter 7.4 - How To Draw Resonance Contributors Chapter 7.5 - The Predicted Stabilities Of Resonance Contributors Chapter 7.6 - Delocalization Energy Is The Additional Stability Delocalized Electrons Give To A Compound Chapter 7.7 - Delocalized Electrons Increase Stability Chapter 7.8 - Delocalized Electrons Affect Pka Values Chapter 7.9 - Electronic Effects Chapter 7.11 - Reactions Of Dienes Chapter 7.12 - The Diels-alder Reaction Is A 1,4-addition Reaction Chapter 7.15 - Applying The Criteria For Aromaticity Chapter 7.17 - The Mechanism For Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions Chapter 8 - Substitution And Elimination Reactions Of Alkyl Halides Chapter 8.1 - The Mechanism Of An Sn2 Reaction Chapter 8.2 - Factors That Affect Sn2 Reactions Chapter 8.3 - The Mechanism Of An Sn1 Reaction Chapter 8.4 - Factors That Affect Sn1 Reactions Chapter 8.5 - Comparing Sn2 And Sn1 Reactions Chapter 8.6 - Intermolecular Versus Intramolecular Reactions Chapter 8.9 - Relative Reactivities Of Alkyl Halides Reactions Chapter 8.11 - Competition Between Substitution And Elimination Chapter 8.12 - Solvent Effects Chapter 8.13 - Substitution Reactions In Synthesis Chapter 9 - Reactions Of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, And Thiols Chapter 9.1 - The Nomenclatur Of Alcohols Chapter 9.2 - Activating An Alcohol For Nucleophilic Substitution By Protonation Chapter 9.4 - Elimination Reactions Of Alcohols: Dehydration Chapter 9.5 - Oxidation Of Alcohols Chapter 9.6 - Nomenclature Of Ethers Chapter 9.8 - Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions Of Epoxides Chapter 9.9 - Using Carbocation Stability To Determine The Carcinogenicity Of An Arene Oxide Chapter 9.11 - Thiols, Sulfides, And Sulfonium Ions Chapter 10 - Determining The Structure Of Organic Compounds Chapter 10.1 - Mass Spectrometry Chapter 10.2 - The Mass Spectrum • Fragmentation Chapter 10.3 - Using The M/z Value Of The Molecular Ion To Calculate The Molecular Formula Chapter 10.4 - Isotopes In Mass Spectrometry Chapter 10.5 - High-resolution Mass Spectrometry Can Reveal Molecular Formulas Chapter 10.6 - Fragmentation Patterns Chapter 10.8 - Spectroscopy And The Electromagnetic Spectrum Chapter 10.12 - The Position Of Absorption Bands Chapter 10.13 - The Position And Shape Of An Absorption Band Is Affected By Electron Delocalization, Electron Donation And Withdrawal, And Hydrogen Bonding Chapter 10.14 - The Absence Of Absorption Bands Chapter 10.15 - How To Interpret An Infrared Spectrum Chapter 10.17 - The Effect Of Conjugation On Λmax Chapter 10.18 - The Visible Spectrum And Color Chapter 10.19 - Some Uses Of Uv/vis Spectroscopy Chapter 10.22 - The Number Of Signals In 1h Nmr Spectrum Chapter 10.23 - The Chemical Shift Tells How Far The Signal Is From The Reference Signal Chapter 10.24 - The Relative Positions Of 1h Nmr Signals Chapter 10.25 - The Characteristic Values Of Chemical Shifts Chapter 10.26 - The Integration Of Nmr Signals Reveals The Relative Number Of Protons Causing Each Signal Chapter 10.27 - The Splitting Of Signals Is Described By The N+1 Rule Chapter 10.28 - More Examples Of 1h Nmr Spectra Chapter 10.29 - 13c Nmr Spectroscopy Chapter 11 - Reactions Of Carboxylic Acids And Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Chapter 11.1 - The Nomenclature Of Carboxylic Acids And Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Chapter 11.2 - The Structures Of Carboxylic Acids And Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Chapter 11.4 - How Carboxylic Acids And Carboxylic Acid Derivatives React Chapter 11.5 - The Relative Reactivities Of Carboxylic Acids And Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Chapter 11.6 - The Reactions Of Acyl Chlorides Chapter 11.7 - The Reactions Of Esters Chapter 11.8 - Acid-catalyzed Ester Hydrolysis And Transesterification Chapter 11.9 - Hydroxide-ion-promoted Ester Hydrolysis Chapter 11.10 - Reactions Of Carboxylic Acids Chapter 11.11 - Reactions Of Amides Chapter 11.12 - Nitriles Chapter 11.13 - Acid Anhydrides Chapter 11.14 - How Chemists Activate Carboxylic Acids Chapter 11.15 - How Cells Activate Carboxylic Acids Chapter 12 - Reactions Of Aldehydes And Ketones • More Reactions Of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Chapter 12.1 - The Nomenclature Of Aldehydes And Ketones Chapter 12.2 - The Relative Reactivities Of Carbonyl Compounds Chapter 12.4 - Organometallic Compounds Chapter 12.5 - The Reactions Of Carbonyl Compounds With Grignard Reagents Chapter 12.6 - The Reactions Of Aldehydes And Ketones With Cyanide Ion Chapter 12.7 - The Reactions Of Carbonyl Compounds With Hydride Ions Chapter 12.8 - The Reactions Of Aldehydes And Ketones With Amines Chapter 12.9 - The Reactions Of Aldehydes And Ketones With Alcohols Chapter 12.10 - Nucleophilic Addition To Α,β-unsaturated Aldehydes And Ketones Chapter 12.11 - Nucleophilic Addition To Α,β-unsaturated Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Chapter 13 - Reactions At The Α-carbon Of Carbonyl Compounds Chapter 13.1 - The Aciidity Of An Α-hydrogen Chapter 13.2 - Keto-enol Tautomers Chapter 13.3 - Keto-enol Interconversion Chapter 13.4 - Alkylation Of Enolate Ions Chapter 13.5 - An Aldol Addition Forms A Β-hydroxyaldehyde Or A Β-hydroxyketone Chapter 13.6 - The Dehydration Of Aldol Addition Products Forms Α,β-unsaturated Aldehydes And Ketones Chapter 13.7 - A Crossed Aldol Addition Chapter 13.8 - A Claisen Condensation Forms A Β-keto Ester Chapter 13.9 - Co2 Can Be Removed From A Carboxylic Acid That Has A Carbonyl Group At The 3-position Chapter 13.10 - Reactions At The Α-carbon In Cells Chapter 14 - Radicals Chapter 14.2 - The Chlorination And Bromination Of Alkanes Chapter 14.4 - The Distribution Of Products Depends On Radical Stability Chapter 14.5 - The Stereochemistry Of Radical Substitution Reactions Chapter 14.6 - Formation Of Explosive Peroxides Chapter 14.7 - Radical Reactions Occur In Biological Systems Chapter 15 - Synthetic Polymers Chapter 15.2 - Chain-growth Polymers Chapter 15.5 - Polymerization Of Dienes • Natural And Synthetic Rubber Chapter 15.6 - Copolymers Chapter 15.8 - Classes Of Step-growth Polymers Chapter 15.10 - Biodegradable Polymers Chapter 16 - The Organic Chemistry Of Carbohydrates Chapter 16.1 - Classifying Carbohydrates Chapter 16.2 - The D And L Notation Chapter 16.3 - The Configurations Of Aldoses Chapter 16.4 - The Configurations Of Ketoses Chapter 16.5 - The Reactions Of Monosaccharides In Basic Solutions Chapter 16.6 - Monosaccharides Form Cyclic Hemiacetals Chapter 16.8 - Formation Of Glycosides Chapter 16.9 - Disaccharides Chapter 16.10 - Polysaccharides Chapter 16.11 - Carbohydrates On Cell Surfaces Chapter 17 - The Organic Chemistry Of Amino Acids, Peptides, And Proteins Chapter 17.1 - The Nomenclature Of Amino Acids Chapter 17.2 - The Configuration Of Amino Acids Chapter 17.3 - The Acid-base Properties Of Amino Acids Chapter 17.4 - The Isoelectric Point Chapter 17.5 - Separating Amino Acids Chapter 17.6 - The Synthesis Of Amino Acids Chapter 17.7 - The Resolution Of Racemic Mixtures Of Amino Acids Chapter 17.8 - Peptide Bonds And Disulfide Bonds Chapter 17.10 - How To Determine The Primary Structure Of A Polypeptide Or A Protein Chapter 17.12 - Tertiary Structure Chapter 17.13 - Quaternary Structure Chapter 18 - How Enzymes Catalyze Reactions • The Organic Chemistry Of The Vitamins Chapter 18.1 - Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions Chapter 18.2 - An Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions That Involved Two Sequential Sn2 Reactions Chapter 18.3 - An Enzyme-catalyzed Reaction That Is Reminiscent Of Acid-catalyzed Amide And Ester Hydrolysis Chapter 18.4 - An Enzyme-catalyzed Reaction That Is Reminiscent Of The Base-catalyzed Enediol Rearrangement Chapter 18.5 - Another Enzyme-catalyzed Reaction That Is Reminiscent Of A Retro-aldol Addition Chapter 18.7 - Niacin: The Vitamin Needed For Many Redox Reactions Chapter 18.8 - Riboflavin: Another Vitamin Used In Redox Reactions Chapter 18.9 - Vitamin B1: The Vitamin Needed For Acyl Group Transfer Chapter 18.10 - Vitamin H: The Vitamin Needed For Caboxylation Of An Α-carbon Chapter 18.11 - Vitamin B6: The Vitamin Needed For Amino Acid Transformations Chapter 18.12 - Vitamin B12: The Vitamin Needed For Certain Isomerizations Chapter 18.13 - Folic Acid: The Vitamin Needed For One-carbon Transfer Chapter 19 - The Organic Chemistry Of The Metabolic Pathways Chapter 19.4 - The Catabolism Of Fats Chapter 19.5 - The Catabolism Of Carbohydrates Chapter 19.6 - The Fats Of Pyruvate Chapter 19.7 - The Catabolism Of Proteins Chapter 19.8 - The Citric Acid Cycle Chapter 19.9 - Oxidative Phosphorylation Chapter 19.10 - Anabolism Chapter 19.13 - Amino Acid Biosynthesis Chapter 20 - The Organic Chemistry Of Lipids Chapter 20.1 - Fatty Acids Are Long-chain Carboxylic Acids Chapter 20.2 - Fats And Oils Are Triglyverides Chapter 20.4 - Phosphoglycerides And Sphingolipids Chapter 20.6 - Terpenes Contain Carbon Atoms In Multiples Of Five Chapter 20.7 - How Terpenes Are Biosynthesized Chapter 20.8 - How Nature Synthesizes Cholesterol Chapter 20.9 - Synthetic Steroids Chapter 21 - The Chemistry Of The Nucleic Acids Chapter 21.1 - Nucleosides And Nucleotides Chapter 21.3 - The Secondary Structure Of Dna-the Double Helix Chapter 21.4 - Why Dna Does Not Have A 2'-oh Group Chapter 21.5 - The Biosynthesis Of Dna Is Called Replication Chapter 21.7 - The Biosynthesis Of Rna Is Called Transcription Chapter 21.9 - The Biosynthesis Of Proteins Is Called Translation Chapter 21.10 - Why Dna Contains Thymine Instead Of Uracil Chapter 21.12 - How The Base Sequence Of Dna Is Determined

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NOTE: You are purchasing a standalone product; MasteringChemistry does not come packaged with this content. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MasteringChemistry search for 032196747X / 9780321967473 Essential Organic Chemistry 3/e P