Chapter U1.26, Problem 3E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The types of bonding in a given substance needs to be identified.

Zinc, Zn(s)

Concept Introduction:

The four kinds of bonds are ionic, covalent, hydrogen bonds, and Van der Waals interactions. In ionic and covalent bonds, a large amount of energy is required to break the bond due to strong interactions.

Answer to Problem 3E

Metallic.

Explanation of Solution

The metal-metal bonds are present between two metals and bond the atoms of two metals together. These bonds are formed when the attraction between free electrons and positive charge metallic atoms takes place. These bonds are extended to the entire molecule. Thus, the atoms of Zn are together bonded with metal-metal bonds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The types of bonding in a given substance needs to be identified.

Propane, C₃H₈(l)

Concept Introduction:

The four kinds of bonds are ionic, covalent, hydrogen bonds, and Van der Waals interactions. In ionic and covalent bonds, a large amount of energy is required to break the bond due to strong interactions.

Answer to Problem 3E

Covalent.

Explanation of Solution

Propane is a hydrocarbon. The molecules are joined by a single covalent bond. The carbon atoms at terminal positions each bond with three hydrogen atoms while the middle carbon atoms join with just two hydrogen atoms via covalent bonds. The C-C bond also takes place by sharing of electrons thus, they also form covalent bonds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The types of bonding in a given substance needs to be identified.

Calcium carbonate, CaCO₃(s)

Concept Introduction:

The four kinds of bonds are ionic, covalent, hydrogen bonds, and Van der Waals interactions. In ionic and covalent bonds, a large amount of energy is required to break the bond due to strong interactions.

Answer to Problem 3E

Both Ionic and Covalent bond.

Explanation of Solution

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) is an ionic compound due to the presence of calcium and carbonate ions in it. The carbonate ion has C-O bonds are covalent in nature. Thus, the overall molecule has both ionic and covalent bonds.