Chapter U1.18, Problem 7E

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Theelement name, symbol and group number for the atom needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The atomic symbol for an element is represented as follows:

${}_Z^{A}X$

Here, A is mass number and Z is atomic number.

For an atom,

$\begin{array}{l}AtomicNumber=Numberofprotons\hfill \\ Numberofprotons=NumberofElectrons\hfill \\ MassNumber=Protons+Neutrons\hfill \end{array}$

Answer to Problem 7E

Element name=Chlorine, Symbol=Cl and Group number=17

Explanation of Solution

This is actual representation of element configuration

$\underset{35.453\left(\text{atomicmass}\right)}{Cl}$

Thus, the given element is chlorine. Symbol for the element is Cl and group number is 17 as the atomic number is 17.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of protons in nucleus of chlorine atom needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The atomic symbol for an element is represented as follows:

${}_Z^{A}X$

Here, A is mass number and Z is atomic number.

For an atom,

$\begin{array}{l}AtomicNumber=Numberofprotons\hfill \\ Numberofprotons=NumberofElectrons\hfill \\ MassNumber=Protons+Neutrons\hfill \end{array}$

Answer to Problem 7E

Number of protons in nucleus of chlorine=17

Explanation of Solution

This is actual representation of element configuration

$\underset{35.453\left(\text{atomicmass}\right)}{Cl}$

Thus, the given element is chlorine. Symbol for the element is Cl and group number is 17 as the atomic number is 17.

Since, number of protons is equal to atomic number thus, number of protons is equal to 17.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of neutrons in nucleus of chlorine needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The atomic symbol for an element is represented as follows:

${}_Z^{A}X$

Here, A is mass number and Z is atomic number.

For an atom,

$\begin{array}{l}AtomicNumber=Numberofprotons\hfill \\ Numberofprotons=NumberofElectrons\hfill \\ MassNumber=Protons+Neutrons\hfill \end{array}$

Answer to Problem 7E

Number of neutrons in nucleus of chlorine=18

Explanation of Solution

This is actual representation of element configuration

$\underset{35.453\left(\text{atomicmass}\right)}{Cl}$

This is the configuration of Chlorine according to the periodic table. $\begin{array}{l}MassNumber=Protons+Neutrons\\ 35=17+?\\ 35-17=18\end{array}$

The neutrons are 18

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons in nucleus of chlorine needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The atomic symbol for an element is represented as follows:

${}_Z^{A}X$

Here, A is mass number and Z is atomic number.

For an atom,

$\begin{array}{l}AtomicNumber=Numberofprotons\hfill \\ Numberofprotons=NumberofElectrons\hfill \\ MassNumber=Protons+Neutrons\hfill \end{array}$

Answer to Problem 7E

Number of electrons in nucleus of chlorine=17.

Explanation of Solution

This is actual representation of element configuration

$\underset{35.453\left(\text{atomicmass}\right)}{Cl}$

This is the configuration of Chlorine according to the periodic table.

$Numberofprotons=NumberofElectrons$

According to this equation, the number of protons is 17 so the number of electrons is 17.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of electrons in valence shell needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The atomic symbol for an element is represented as follows:

${}_Z^{A}X$

Here, A is mass number and Z is atomic number.

For an atom,

$\begin{array}{l}AtomicNumber=Numberofprotons\hfill \\ Numberofprotons=NumberofElectrons\hfill \\ MassNumber=Protons+Neutrons\hfill \end{array}$

Answer to Problem 7E

Number of electrons in nucleus of chlorine=17 and in valence shell=7

Explanation of Solution

This is actual representation of element configuration

$\underset{35.453\left(\text{atomicmass}\right)}{Cl}$

The electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵. These are 7 valence electrons.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of electrons in core shell needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The atomic symbol for an element is represented as follows:

${}_Z^{A}X$

Here, A is mass number and Z is atomic number.

For an atom,

$\begin{array}{l}AtomicNumber=Numberofprotons\hfill \\ Numberofprotons=NumberofElectrons\hfill \\ MassNumber=Protons+Neutrons\hfill \end{array}$

Answer to Problem 7E

Number of electrons in nucleus of chlorine=17 and in valence shell=7 thus, the remaining electron is 10.

Explanation of Solution

This is actual representation of element configuration

$\underset{35.453\left(\text{atomicmass}\right)}{Cl}$

The electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵. These are 7 valence electrons. The remaining number of electrons is 10.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The examples of 3 elements similar to chlorine needs to be given

Concept introduction:

The atomic symbol for an element is represented as follows:

${}_Z^{A}X$

Here, A is mass number and Z is atomic number.

For an atom,

$\begin{array}{l}AtomicNumber=Numberofprotons\hfill \\ Numberofprotons=NumberofElectrons\hfill \\ MassNumber=Protons+Neutrons\hfill \end{array}$

Answer to Problem 7E

The fluorine, bromine and iodine are the similar elements of chlorine.

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of chlorine is [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵. Thus, it belongs to halogen family. The other elements in this group are fluorine, bromine and iodine.