Chapter U1.16, Problem 2E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nuclear chain reaction is to be described.

Concept introduction:

New elements are formed through nuclear reactions. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are types of nuclear reactions.

Answer to Problem 2E

Scientists are able to produce new elements through nuclear fission reactions in nuclear reactors. Uranium can be made to undergo fission by bombarding it with fast moving neutrons. This produces other smaller isotopes and more neutrons which can further cause other uranium atoms to undergo fission. This results in chain reactions producing large amounts of energy. When one nuclear reaction leads to multiple nuclear reactions it is called nuclear chain reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given information:

New elements can be formed by nuclear chain reaction.

Nuclear chain reaction - When nucleus of an atom splits to form two atoms with smaller nuclei it is called fission. Scientists conduct nuclear fission reactions by bombardment of neutrons on a nucleus. Scientists are able to produce new elements through nuclear fission reactions in nuclear reactors. The power is generated through these controlled chain reactions. For example, uranium can be made to undergo fission by bombarding it with neutrons. This produces other smaller isotopes and more neutrons which can further react with other uranium atoms to undergo fission. This results in chain reactions producing large amounts of energy.

If the chain reaction is uncontrolled it will cause nuclear explosion which is very dangerous. If energy is released in controlled manner, it can be used to generate electricity, power submarines and propel large ships. Uranium - 235 is most commonly used for nuclear power generation.

Conclusion

Nuclear chain reaction takes place when neutrons emitted from fission of one isotope strike surrounding nuclei, causing them to split.