Chapter U1.11, Problem 12E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example must be given which shows that science is a process of gathering evidence and refining models.

Concept introduction:

Models are useful to represent structures of different things. Strong pieces of evidence are required to propose a model. Different atomic models are the best examples of a process of gathering evidence and refining models.

Answer to Problem 12E

Initially, solid sphere model was proposed by Dalton for atom which was replaced by Thomson’s plum pudding model. In this way, rectification continues.

Explanation of Solution

Thomson’s plum pudding model was replaced by Rutherford's solar system model. This was then rectified by his student Niels Bohr. This model was then rectified by Sommerfeld.

Conclusion

Rectifications of atomic models clearly show that science is a process of gathering evidence and refining models.