a) Interpretation: The alkene shown to be named including cis or trans designation. Concept introduction: The longest carbon chain containing the double bond to be chosen. Based on the name of the parent compound – the alkene name ends with the suffix –ene. The chain is to be numbered from the end that gives the lowest number to the carbon in double bond. Substituents are to be numbered according to their positions in the chain and listed alphabetically. The position of the double bond is indicated by giving the number of the first alkene carbon before the name of the parent. If more than one double bond is present, their positions are indicated with the suffixes -diene, -triene and so on. The requirement for cis-trans isomerism is that both the carbons in double bond should be bonded to different substituents. Compounds that have one of their doubly bonded carbons bonded to identical substituents cannot exist as cis-trans isomers. To name: The alkene including cis or trans designation.

Question

5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7.4, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The alkene shown to be named including cis or trans designation.

Concept introduction:

The longest carbon chain containing the double bond to be chosen. Based on the name of the parent compound – the alkene name ends with the suffix –ene. The chain is to be numbered from the end that gives the lowest number to the carbon in double bond. Substituents are to be numbered according to their positions in the chain and listed alphabetically. The position of the double bond is indicated by giving the number of the first alkene carbon before the name of the parent. If more than one double bond is present, their positions are indicated with the suffixes -diene, -triene and so on. The requirement for cis-trans isomerism is that both the carbons in double bond should be bonded to different substituents. Compounds that have one of their doubly bonded carbons bonded to identical substituents cannot exist as cis-trans isomers.

To name:

The alkene including cis or trans designation.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The alkene shown to be named including cis or trans designation.

Concept introduction:

The longest carbon chain containing the double bond to be chosen. Based on the name of the parent compound – the alkene name ends with the suffix –ene. The chain is to be numbered from the end that gives the lowest number to the carbon in double bond. Substituents are to be numbered according to their positions in the chain and listed alphabetically. The position of the double bond is indicated by giving the number of the first alkene carbon before the name of the parent. If more than one double bond is present, their positions are indicated with the suffixes -diene, -triene and so on. The requirement for cis-trans isomerism is that both the carbons in double bond should be bonded to different substituents. Compounds that have one of their doubly bonded carbons bonded to identical substituents cannot exist as cis-trans isomers.

To name:

The alkene including cis or trans designation.

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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

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