a) Interpretation: The product of the reaction shown is to be predicted. Concept introduction: In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H 2 O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”. To predict: The product in the reaction shown.

Question

Predict the major organic product(s) of the following reactions. Indicate which of the following mechanisms is in operation: SN1, SN2, E1, or E2.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7.8, Problem 16P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product of the reaction shown is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction shown is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7.8, Problem 16P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product of the reaction shown is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction shown is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7.8, Problem 16P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product of the reaction shown is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction shown is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7.8, Problem 16P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product of the reaction shown is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction shown is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 7.8, Problem 16P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product of the reaction shown is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction shown is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Answer 6

Chapter 7.8, Problem 16P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product of the reaction shown is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Answer 7

Chapter 7.8, Problem 16P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The product of the reaction shown is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction shown is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction shown is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The product in the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In addition reactions small molecules like HCl, H₂O, HBr etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product. The addition to unsymmetrical alkenes will follow Markovnikov’s rule which states that “in the addition of HX to an alkene, the H adds to the carbon with fewer alkyl substituents and X adds to the carbon with more alkyl substituents”.

To predict:

The product in the reaction shown.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 19

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Answer 25

Ch. 7.2 - Calculate the degree of unsaturation in each of...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 2P Ch. 7.2 - Diazepam, marketed as an antianxiety medication...Ch. 7.3 - Give IUPAC names for the following compounds:Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7P Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 8P Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains how reactions like HCl, H 2 O, HBr, etc. add to the double bond in an alkene to yield a single product.

Chapter 7 Solutions