Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The structure of aldehyde or ketone that is formed from the given alcohol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl compounds such as
(b)
Interpretation:
The structure of aldehyde or ketone that is formed from the given alcohol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones can be synthesized by oxidation or reduction reaction. When a primary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is carboxylic acid that is formed through the intermediate aldehyde. When mild oxidizing agent is used, aldehyde can be obtained as product from primary alcohol. When a secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is a ketone. This cannot be further oxidized. Tertiary alcohols do not undergo oxidation reaction. Some of the mild oxidizing agents used are
(c)
Interpretation:
The structure of aldehyde or ketone that is formed from the given alcohol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones can be synthesized by oxidation or reduction reaction. When a primary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is carboxylic acid that is formed through the intermediate aldehyde. When mild oxidizing agent is used, aldehyde can be obtained as product from primary alcohol. When a secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is a ketone. This cannot be further oxidized. Tertiary alcohols do not undergo oxidation reaction. Some of the mild oxidizing agents used are
(d)
Interpretation:
The structure of aldehyde or ketone that is formed from the given alcohol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones can be synthesized by oxidation or reduction reaction. When a primary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is carboxylic acid that is formed through the intermediate aldehyde. When mild oxidizing agent is used, aldehyde can be obtained as product from primary alcohol. When a secondary alcohol undergoes oxidation reaction, the product obtained is a ketone. This cannot be further oxidized. Tertiary alcohols do not undergo oxidation reaction. Some of the mild oxidizing agents used are
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 4 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- Identify the most important aldehyde and ketone from Section 14.4 on the basis of amount used, and list at least one characteristic for each that contributes to its usefulness.arrow_forwardList the following compounds in order of increasing water solubility: a.ethoxyethane b.propanoic acid c.pentane d.1 butanolarrow_forward17-60 1-Propanol can be prepared by the reduction of an aldehyde, but it cannot be prepared by the acid catalyzed hydration of an alkene. Explain why it cannot be prepared from an alkene.arrow_forward
- 16-19 2-Me thy 1 propane (bp -12°C), 2-propanol (bp 82°C), and 2-propanamine (bp 32°C) all have approximately the same molecular weight, yet their boiling points are quite different. Explain the reason for these differences.arrow_forwardAldehydes and ketones react with one molecule of an alcohol to form compounds called hemiacetals, in which there is one hydroxyl group and one ether-like group. Reaction of a hemiacetal with a second molecule of alcohol gives an acetal and a molecule of water. We study this reaction in Chapter 16. Draw structural formulas for the hemiacetal and acetal formed from these reagents. The stoichiometry of each reaction is given in the problem.arrow_forward1. What is the role of the acetic acid in the oxidation of Cyclohexanol to Cyclohexanone? Write the balanced chemical reaction between acetic acid and sodium hypochlorite.2. How do you neutralize the acetic acid regenerated in the reaction? Write the balanced chemical reaction.arrow_forward
- 22. What kind of compound is made when an aldehyde is treated with a Grignard reagent? Carboxylic acid Primary alcohol Secondary alcohol Tertiary alcoholarrow_forwardII- Chemical Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones. 1. Draw the structural formula of the organic product when each of the following aldehydes is oxidized to carboxylic acid. a) Ethanal b) Pentanal c) Formaldehydes d) 3,4-dichlorohexanal 2. What are the characteristics of a positive Tollens test for aldehydes? 3. What is the oxidizing agent in Tollens solution? 4. What are the characteristics of a positive Benedict's test for aldehydes? 5. What is the oxidizing agent in benedict's solution?arrow_forwardName the following alcohol. O2-Bromo-4-ethylcyclopentanol 4-Ethyl-2-bromocyclopentanol O1-Ethyl-3-bromo-4-cyclopentanol O1-Bromo-4-ethyl-2-cyclopentanolarrow_forward
- 3. Complete the following intramolecular dehydration reactions for alcohols. Draw the structure of the product. Name the reactant and the product. a) Cy-C-CH-oH 18UC b) CHy CH-Cy-CHy 180C OH c) 180c 4. Complete the following intermolecular dehydration reactions for alcohols. Draw the structure of the product. Name the reactant and the product. a) CHy-CH-OH b) Ho SわふわSわ 5. Complete the following oxidation reactions for alcohols. Draw the structure of the product. Name the reactant and identify the type of compound formed in the product. a) hparrow_forwardThere are two possible Grignard reactions that lead to the given alcohol. Select the reactant needed for each of the indicated Grignard reagents. MgBr H OH OH H 1) ? 2) H3O* OHarrow_forwardDraw the structure(s) of the major organic product(s) of the following reaction. 1. Ag₂O/aq. NaOH H 2. aqueous HCIarrow_forward
- Organic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning