Chapter 21, Problem 96A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The charge of an ion formed from the alkali metals needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In order to complete its octet elements can gain or lose electrons to attain noble gas configuration and become stable. The loss of electron results in the formation of positive charge cation and gaining of electron results in the formation of negative charge anion.

Answer to Problem 96A

The charge on the alkali metal is +1.

Explanation of Solution

The alkali metals are group I metals that contains elements $\text{Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and Fr}$. The general outermost electronic configuration of alkali metals is:

${\text{ns}}^1$

Thus, the loss of one electron results in the formation of positive charge cation having charge +1 and thus attaining the noble gas configuration.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The charge of an ion formed from the alkaline earth metals needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In order to complete its octet elements can gain or lose electrons to attain noble gas configuration and become stable. The loss of electron results in the formation of positive charge cation and gaining of electron results in the formation of negative charge anion.

Answer to Problem 96A

The charge on the alkaline earth metal is +2.

Explanation of Solution

The alkaline earth metals are group II metals that contains elements $\text{Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Ra}$. The general outermost electronic configuration of alkaline earth metals is:

${\text{ns}}^2$

Thus, the loss of two electrons results in the formation of positive charge cation having charge +2 and thus attaining the noble gas configuration.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The charge of an ion formed from the halogens needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In order to complete its octet elements can gain or lose electrons to attain noble gas configuration and become stable. The loss of electron results in the formation of positive charge cation and gaining of electron results in the formation of negative charge anion.

Answer to Problem 96A

The charge on the halogen is -1.

Explanation of Solution

The halogens are group VIIA metals that contains elements $\text{F, Cl, Br, I, and At}$. The general outermost electronic configuration of halogen is:

${\text{ns}}^2{\text{np}}^5$

Thus, the gain of one electron results in the formation of negative charge anion having charge -1 and thus attaining the noble gas configuration.