Chapter 21, Problem 52A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name and structure of the alkyl group corresponding to methane should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The group formed by the loss of hydrogen atom from the corresponding alkane is said to be the alkyl group. In order to name the alkyl groups, the suffix -ane of the alkane are dropped and the suffix -yl is added to name that is the alkane name is changed to alkyl.

Answer to Problem 52A

Explanation of Solution

A type of functional group that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms in its structure is said to be alkyl group and are formed by the loss of hydrogen atom from the corresponding alkane. In order to name the alkyl groups, the suffix -ane of the alkane are dropped and the suffix -yl is added to name that is the alkane name is changed to alkyl.

The general formula for an alkane group is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$, where n represesnts a number and integer. Since alkyl is formed by loss of a hydrogen atom from alkane so, the general formula for an alkyl group is y1 ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2-1 }}={\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+1}}$, where n represesnts a number and integer.

The given parent alkane is methane, 3

${\text{C}}_{\text{1}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$ so the name of alkyl group is methyl, ${\text{C}}_{\text{1}}{\text{H}}_3$. The structure of methyl is:

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name and structure of the alkyl group corresponding to butane should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The group formed by the loss of hydrogen atom from the corresponding alkane is said to be the alkyl group. In order to name the alkyl groups, the suffix -ane of the alkane are dropped and the suffix -yl is added to name that is the alkane name is changed to alkyl.

Answer to Problem 52A

Explanation of Solution

The general formula for an alkane group is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$, where n represesnts a number and integer. Since alkyl is formed by loss of a hydrogen atom from alkane so, the general formula for an alkyl group is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2-1 }}={\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+1}}$, where n represesnts a number and integer.

The given parent alkane is butane, ${\text{C}}_4{\text{H}}_{10}$ so the name of alkyl group is butyl, ${\text{C}}_4{\text{H}}_9$. The structure of butyl is:

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name and structure of the alkyl group corresponding to octane should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The group formed by the loss of hydrogen atom from the corresponding alkane is said to be the alkyl group. In order to name the alkyl groups, the suffix -ane of the alkane are dropped and the suffix -yl is added to name that is the alkane name is changed to alkyl.

Answer to Problem 52A

Explanation of Solution

The general formula for an alkane group is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}$, where n represesnts a number and integer. Since alkyl is formed by loss of a hydrogen atom from alkane so, the general formula for an alkyl group is ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2-1 }}={\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+1}}$, where n represesnts a number and integer.

The given parent alkane is octane, ${\text{C}}_8{\text{H}}_{18}$ so the name of alkyl group is octyl, ${\text{C}}_8{\text{H}}_{17}$. The structure of octyl is: