Chapter U4.73, Problem 6E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The missing product for the reaction of solid lithium with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas needs to be determined. The reaction must be balanced and the way these toxic substances enter the body must be explained.

Concept introduction:

Lithium is a metal that can displace hydrogen from an acid sample.

Answer to Problem 6E

The missing product is lithium chloride (LiCl).

The balanced equation is given below.

  $2\text{Li}\left(s\right)+2\text{HCl }\left(aq\right)\to 2\text{LiCl }\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

These toxic substances can enter our body through polluted drinking water.

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical reaction is as follows:

  $\text{Li}\left(s\right)+\text{HCl }\left(aq\right)\to \text{LiCl }\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

From the reaction, it can be seen that there are two H atoms on the right side. So, 2 moles of HCl will be required on the left side and 2 moles of LiCl will be produced. To balance the Li atom, 2 moles of Li(s) are required on the left side. Thus, the reaction is balanced.

  $2\text{Li}\left(s\right)+2\text{HCl }\left(aq\right)\to 2\text{LiCl }\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

These toxic substances are highly soluble in water. So, if the drinking water is contaminated with these, these toxic substances might enter our bodies easily.