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A circuit board with a dense distribution of integrated circuits (ICs) and dimensions of
From wind tunnel tests under the same flow conditions, the average frictional shear stress on the upper surface is determined to be
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Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
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- Spraying water on the top of a vertical cylindrical reactor 2.5 m in diameter and 4 m high and letting the water to trickle down the outside wall cools it. The average water temperature is 40°C, and the flow rate is 0.15 m3/min. Calculate the thickness of the water layer.arrow_forwardTwo pipes with the same diameter are in parallel. If the first has a friction coefficient twice that of the other, for equal flow in pipes, the ratio of the first pipe to the second is:arrow_forwardConsider atmospheric air at 25 °C and a velocity of 25 m/s flowing over BOTH surfaces of a 1-m- long flat plate that is maintained at 125 °C. The width of the plate (into paper direction) is 1 m. Determine the rate of heat transfer if the critical Reynolds number is 5 × 105.arrow_forward
- 3. Vertical turbines are to be used for flocculation in a water treatment plant with a design flow rate of 189,270 m³/day. Flocculation is to be designed with two trains and five compartments per train. The total detention time in this process is to be 25 minutes, and the average temperature of the water flowing into the plant is 10°C. The velocity gradient in the first compartment is to be 70 s¹. Make the following design decisions for the first compartment: a) Determine the dimensions of the compartment. b) Determine the diameter of the impeller. c) Determine the water power required. d) Determine the maximum rotational speed. e) Estimate the pumping capacity of the impeller and circulation time in the tank.arrow_forwardGive me your thoughts in the inverse proportionality between bulk velocity of a liquid flowing inside a pipe and its friction factor (and consequently, its skin friction energy loss). Effectively, for a fixed pipe length and diameter, the Fanning friction factor and the head loss due to friction decreases as the bulk velocity of the liquid increases. Explain this phenomena scientifically.arrow_forwardA 2-cm diameter, 10-m long tube transports water at an average flow velocity of 8 m/s. The water enters at 20°C and leaves at 30°C. To compute for the Nusselt number of the water flow, what is the exact value of the temperature in °C on which the water properties should be based?arrow_forward
- Petrol of specific gravity 0.85 is to be pumped through a 1.2 km pipeline to a petrol station. The pipeline is 150 mm in diameter and is on a horizontal plane. The station serves 1 000 drivers per day. Each driver requires 41.4 litres of petrol daily. The pumping to the petrol station is carried out daily between 6:00 am - 6:30 am. The pump that delivers the petrol to the petrol station requires 7 kW to drive it and operates at 65%. Use the information given to calculate the kinematic and dynamic viscosities of the petrol. Assume the flow is laminar and hence confirm that it is indeed laminararrow_forwardThe fluid condition at the inlet and exit of a horizontal convergent nozzle is analysed. The nozzle is operating steadily. and heat loss is assumed negligible. If the specific enthalpy of fluid and velocity of fluid at the inlet are 3,089 kJ/kg and 229 km/hr respectively. At the exit the specific enthalpy, of fluid is 2,569 J/kg. Calculate the exit area (in mm2)of the nozzle when the specific volume at the 3 nozzle exit is 0.63 m/kg at the inlet area of 0.2 m2 and the specific volume at the inlet is 0.31 m3/kg. You do not need to include the unit for this question.arrow_forwardA sphere of diameter 10 mm and density 7700 kg/ m3 falls under gravity at terminal conditions through a liquid of density 900 kg/ m3 in a tube of diameter 12 mm. After reaching terminal velocity, the ball falls 5 cm in 31.3 seconds. Using the Francis wall correction factor: fw = (1-x/D)2.25 where x is the particle diameter and D is the diameter of the tube and fw is the wall factor (the velocity in the tube / velocity in an infinitely large tube), determine the: a) viscosity (Pa s) of the fluid if Stokes law applies (Correct Answers: 4.118) b) Reynolds number if the fluid viscosity is given in the previous part (Correct Answers: 0.1967) c) minimum viscosity where the Re <= 0.3 (Correct Answers: 2.7) I need help with the steps! Please helparrow_forward
- An incompressible fluid flows through a rectangular cross section duct, with width much larger than height of the cross section. The duct surface is heated at a uniform rate along its length. If the centreline of the flow is along the centre of the duct where y = 0, the distance from the centreline to the surface of the duct is b = 25 mm, and the thermal conductivity of the fluid is 0.6 W/mK, what is the local heat transfer coefficient in the developed region of the flow? Give your answer in W/m2K to 1 decimal place. I AM POSTIING THIS AGAIN. PLEASE STOP ? COPY FROM INTERNET AND SEND RANDOM SOLUTION. HINT THE FINAL ANSWER IS 38.4 But i need step by step solution. if you don't get this value don't send it please, reject and add the creditarrow_forwardQ.1) Determine the convection heat transfer coefficient and the heat flux on the plate surface for flow of air at T = 20° C over a plate surface maintained at a constant temperature of T₁ = 160° C. if the dimensionless temperature profile within the air layer = e-ay, where a = 3200 m ¹ and y is the vertical over the plate is determined to be T(y)-Too Ts-Too distance measured from the plate surface in m.arrow_forwardConsider the flow of oil with ? = 894 kg/m3 and ? = 2.33 kg/m·s in a 28-cmdiameter pipeline at an average velocity of 0.5 m/s. A 330-m-long section of the pipeline passes through the icy waters of a lake. Disregarding the entrance effects, determine the pumping power required to overcome the pressure losses and to maintain the flow of oil in the pipe.arrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning