Photosynthesis, as it occurs in the leaves of a green plant, involves the transport of carbon dioxide
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Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
- Oxy-acetylene torches can be used to cut or weld metal .Oxygen and acetylene are fed from separate compressed gas cylinders through pressure regulators to the torch where they are mixed and combusted .To estimate the amount of metal that can be cut or welded per unit volume of gas, the composition of the gases produced by combustion and heat produced by the combustion reaction must be determined .For this problem: Define a closed system that can be used to calculate the heat produced Define an open system that can be used to calculate the heat produced List at least two intensive variables that are important in calculation List at least two extensive variables that are important in the calculationarrow_forwardA bioengineer working at chemical company intends to dry an insoluble wet granular material in a pan 0.6 x 0.6 m and 3 cm deep. The material is at the same dept in the pan, whereas the sides and the bottom can be considered to be insulated. Heat transfer is by convection from an air stream flowing parallel to the surface at a velocity of 10 m/s. The air is at 65.6°C and has a humidity of 0.010 kg H2O/kg dry air. Calculate the rate of drying for constant-rate periodarrow_forwardProblem: PH 54 A parking lot is contaminated with 5-um particles of Cs-137 to a value of 500 Bq/cm². Emergency responders set up a command post in the parking lot, and work for 8 hours. Determine: a. the inhalation effective dose due to resuspension, with a resuspension factor of 2 x 10° /cm. b. the external effective dose due to direct irradiation.arrow_forward
- ANSWER THERMOFLUIDS QUESTIONSarrow_forwardWet air containing 4.0 mole% water vapor is passed through a column of calcium chloridepellets. The pellets adsorb 97.0% of the water and none of the other constituents of the air.The column packing was initially dry and had a mass of 3.40 kg. Following 5.0 hours ofoperation, the pellets are reweighed and found to have a mass of 3.54 kg. Calculate the molarflow rate (mol/h) of the feed gas and the mole fraction of water vapor in the product gas. Themole fraction of water in the product gas is monitored and found to have the value calculatedin part (a) for the first 10 hours of operation, but then it begins to increase.What is the most likely cause of the increase?If the process continues to run, what will the mole fraction of water in the product gaseventually be?arrow_forwardQuestion No. 18:(a) What are the approximate chemical composition of gasoline, LPG, diesel, natural gas & methanol? How presence of moisture in air does affects the outcome of a combustion process. (b) A composite wall is formed of a 2.5 cm copper plate (k = 355 W/m.K), a 3.2 mm layer of asbestos (k = 0.110 W/m.K) and a 5 cm layer of fibre plate (k = 0.049 W/m.K). The wall is subjected to an overall temperature difference of 560°C (560°C on the Cu plate side and O°C on the fiber plate side). Estimate the heat flux through this composite ~all and the interface temperature between asbestos and fibre plate.arrow_forward
- A furnace must be built with an inner layer of refractory brick (conductivity 1.27 Kcal/h mºC). This layer must be coated with a layer of insulating brick (conductivity 0.134 Kcal/hm ºC) 22 cm thick, in turn covered with a 15 cm layer of building brick (conductivity 0.75 Kcal/ hm°C). The inner surface of the refractory wall will operate at 1150ºC and the outside at 65ºC. How many centimeters of refractory brick would be required for the insulation not to exceed 930ºC (safety limit of the material in question).arrow_forwardQuestion : Studies show that the major energy consumption in Fijian villages is wood which is used for cooking over open fires. Typical consumption of wood is 1 kg person–1day–1. (a) Estimate the heat energy required to boil a 2-liter pot full of water. Assuming this to be the cooking requirement of each person, compare this with the heat content of the wood, and thus estimate the thermal efficiency of the open fire. (b) How much timber has to be felled each year to cook for a village of 200 people?Assuming systematic replanting, what area of crop must the village therefore set aside for fuel use if it is not to make a net deforestation? Hint: refer to Table 10.4. (c) Comment on the realism of the assumptions made, and revise your estimates accordingly. Answer: (a) mcDT ≈ 0.6 MJ (heat losses from pot imply actual requirement is higher). h ≈ 3%. (b) 70 tonnes; 7 ha.arrow_forwardösly äbä With rise in temperature , the conductivity of the metals depending on temperature remains constant decreases Increases نقطة واحدة When heat is transferred from hot body to cold body, in a straight line, without affecting the intervening medium, it is referred as heat transfer by conduction and convection radiation conduction convection نقطة واحدة Thermal diffusivity of a : substance isarrow_forward
- hnen't For 1 mole of a gas, the van der Waals equation is where R is the gas constant (0.0821 L atm K mol ') and 7 is the Kelvin temperature 1The constants a and h are constants particular to a given gas and correct for the attractive forces between gas molecules, and for the volume occupied by the gas molecules, respectively. For methane (CH), the constants are a 2.253 L'atm and b4.278 x 10 L. Using the rearranged form of the van der Waals equation RT V -b v? calculate the pressure of 1 mole of methane as a function of container volume 0°C (273 K) at suitable volumes from 22.4 L to 0.05 L. Use one of the at custom functions described in this chapter to calculate the first and second derivatives of the P-V relationship. Compare with the exact expressions dP RT 2a dV (v - b)?v3 d? P 2RT 6a dv? (V -b)arrow_forwardIn a drying process, the moisture content of 35 kg of food will be reduced from 82% to 6%. The air used for drying enters the dryer at 80 ° C and exits at 70 ° C. To heat the air, 130 kg of saturated steam at 105 ° C is used. Food enters the dryer at 25 ° C and exits at 60 ° C. According to the ambient air temperature is 20 ° C; Calculate the drying efficiency based on evaporation latent heat and sensible heat. (Specific heat of food = 3.30 kJ / kg ° C)arrow_forwardColumn A Column B thermal decomposition of biomass occurring in A1 Digestion B1 the absence of oxygen. biological process to decompose biomass into A2 Pyrolysis B2 ethanol in the presence of bacteria and yeast. burning biomass in the presence of oxygen to B3 create heat. process to convert biomass into biogas in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of anaerobic micro-organisms. process to convert biomass to bio-oils via complex АЗ Fermentation A4 Combustion B4 BS chemical and physical reactions. Answer: A1 A2 A3 A4arrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning