Whether the vitamin biotin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined. Concept introduction: Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Biotin is also known as vitamin H. It plays a vital role in energy production in the body. It is a water soluble vitamin and hence it must be taken in excess amount for keeping its deficiency in check.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.114EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the vitamin biotin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Biotin is also known as vitamin H. It plays a vital role in energy production in the body. It is a water soluble vitamin and hence it must be taken in excess amount for keeping its deficiency in check.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the vitamin B₆ is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B₆ helps in the treatment of low levels of pyridoxine. Our body cannot produce it naturally hence it must be obtained from supplements.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether pantothenic acid is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B₁₂.is water soluble. It contains cobalt. It plays a major role in the production of red blood cells and DNA synthesis

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether riboflavin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Riboflavin is also known as vitamin B₂. It is a water-soluble vitamin, so it dissolves in water. All vitamins are either water soluble or fat soluble. Water-soluble vitamins are carried through the bloodstream, and whatever is not needed passes out of the body in urine. Hence it must be consumed in excess.

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Identify the Functional Groups (FG) in the following molecules. Classify C atoms as tertiary, 30, or quaternary 40. Identify secondary 20 and tertiary, 30 hydrogen atoms. Please provide steps to undertand each labeling. Please label in the image, so it fits explanation. I am still very unsure I undertand this.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.114EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the vitamin biotin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Biotin is also known as vitamin H. It plays a vital role in energy production in the body. It is a water soluble vitamin and hence it must be taken in excess amount for keeping its deficiency in check.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the vitamin B₆ is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B₆ helps in the treatment of low levels of pyridoxine. Our body cannot produce it naturally hence it must be obtained from supplements.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether pantothenic acid is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B₁₂.is water soluble. It contains cobalt. It plays a major role in the production of red blood cells and DNA synthesis

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether riboflavin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Riboflavin is also known as vitamin B₂. It is a water-soluble vitamin, so it dissolves in water. All vitamins are either water soluble or fat soluble. Water-soluble vitamins are carried through the bloodstream, and whatever is not needed passes out of the body in urine. Hence it must be consumed in excess.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.114EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the vitamin biotin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Biotin is also known as vitamin H. It plays a vital role in energy production in the body. It is a water soluble vitamin and hence it must be taken in excess amount for keeping its deficiency in check.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the vitamin B₆ is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B₆ helps in the treatment of low levels of pyridoxine. Our body cannot produce it naturally hence it must be obtained from supplements.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether pantothenic acid is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B₁₂.is water soluble. It contains cobalt. It plays a major role in the production of red blood cells and DNA synthesis

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether riboflavin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Riboflavin is also known as vitamin B₂. It is a water-soluble vitamin, so it dissolves in water. All vitamins are either water soluble or fat soluble. Water-soluble vitamins are carried through the bloodstream, and whatever is not needed passes out of the body in urine. Hence it must be consumed in excess.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.114EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the vitamin biotin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Biotin is also known as vitamin H. It plays a vital role in energy production in the body. It is a water soluble vitamin and hence it must be taken in excess amount for keeping its deficiency in check.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the vitamin B₆ is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B₆ helps in the treatment of low levels of pyridoxine. Our body cannot produce it naturally hence it must be obtained from supplements.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether pantothenic acid is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B₁₂.is water soluble. It contains cobalt. It plays a major role in the production of red blood cells and DNA synthesis

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether riboflavin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Riboflavin is also known as vitamin B₂. It is a water-soluble vitamin, so it dissolves in water. All vitamins are either water soluble or fat soluble. Water-soluble vitamins are carried through the bloodstream, and whatever is not needed passes out of the body in urine. Hence it must be consumed in excess.

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Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 25.114EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the vitamin biotin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Biotin is also known as vitamin H. It plays a vital role in energy production in the body. It is a water soluble vitamin and hence it must be taken in excess amount for keeping its deficiency in check.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the vitamin B₆ is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B₆ helps in the treatment of low levels of pyridoxine. Our body cannot produce it naturally hence it must be obtained from supplements.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether pantothenic acid is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B₁₂.is water soluble. It contains cobalt. It plays a major role in the production of red blood cells and DNA synthesis

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether riboflavin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Riboflavin is also known as vitamin B₂. It is a water-soluble vitamin, so it dissolves in water. All vitamins are either water soluble or fat soluble. Water-soluble vitamins are carried through the bloodstream, and whatever is not needed passes out of the body in urine. Hence it must be consumed in excess.

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 25.114EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the vitamin biotin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Biotin is also known as vitamin H. It plays a vital role in energy production in the body. It is a water soluble vitamin and hence it must be taken in excess amount for keeping its deficiency in check.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 25.114EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the vitamin biotin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Biotin is also known as vitamin H. It plays a vital role in energy production in the body. It is a water soluble vitamin and hence it must be taken in excess amount for keeping its deficiency in check.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the vitamin B₆ is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B₆ helps in the treatment of low levels of pyridoxine. Our body cannot produce it naturally hence it must be obtained from supplements.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the vitamin B₆ is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B₆ helps in the treatment of low levels of pyridoxine. Our body cannot produce it naturally hence it must be obtained from supplements.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether pantothenic acid is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B₁₂.is water soluble. It contains cobalt. It plays a major role in the production of red blood cells and DNA synthesis

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether pantothenic acid is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B₁₂.is water soluble. It contains cobalt. It plays a major role in the production of red blood cells and DNA synthesis

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether riboflavin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Riboflavin is also known as vitamin B₂. It is a water-soluble vitamin, so it dissolves in water. All vitamins are either water soluble or fat soluble. Water-soluble vitamins are carried through the bloodstream, and whatever is not needed passes out of the body in urine. Hence it must be consumed in excess.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether riboflavin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Riboflavin is also known as vitamin B₂. It is a water-soluble vitamin, so it dissolves in water. All vitamins are either water soluble or fat soluble. Water-soluble vitamins are carried through the bloodstream, and whatever is not needed passes out of the body in urine. Hence it must be consumed in excess.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 25.1 - Which of the following statements about digestion...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 25.1 - The major function of bile released during...Ch. 25.1 - The two major products of triacylglycerol...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 5QQ Ch. 25.2 - Hormone-sensitive lipase needed for...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 25.2 - Which of the following is not a product of...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 25.3 - What is the intermediate compound in the two-step...

Solution Summary: The author explains that vitamins are micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms.

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