Ketogenesis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated. Concept introduction: Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are synthesized from acetyl CoA within the body. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.111EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Ketogenesis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are synthesized from acetyl CoA within the body. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Glycolysis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway in which a glucose molecule breaks down and is converted into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH-reduced coenzymes. The process of glycolysis is a ten-step process in which each step is catalyzed by enzymes.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The citric acid cycle occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The Citric acid cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that use acetyl CoA (produced by oxidation of pyruvate) to produce carbon dioxide, NADH and FADH₂ in a series of redox reactions.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The β-oxidation pathway occurs within the mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

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What spectral features allow you to differentiate the product from the starting material? Use four separate paragraphs for each set of comparisons. You should have one paragraph each devoted to MS, HNMR, CNMR and IR. 2) For MS, the differing masses of molecular ions are a popular starting point. Including a unique fragmentation is important, too. 3) For HNMR, CNMR and IR state the peaks that are different and what makes them different (usually the presence or absence of certain groups). See if you can find two differences (in each set of IR, HNMR and CNMR spectra) due to the presence or absence of a functional group. Include peak locations. Alternatively, you can state a shift of a peak due to a change near a given functional group. Including peak locations for shifted peaks, as well as what these peaks are due to. Ideally, your focus should be on not just identifying the differences but explaining them in terms of functional group changes.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.111EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Ketogenesis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are synthesized from acetyl CoA within the body. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Glycolysis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway in which a glucose molecule breaks down and is converted into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH-reduced coenzymes. The process of glycolysis is a ten-step process in which each step is catalyzed by enzymes.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The citric acid cycle occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The Citric acid cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that use acetyl CoA (produced by oxidation of pyruvate) to produce carbon dioxide, NADH and FADH₂ in a series of redox reactions.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The β-oxidation pathway occurs within the mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.111EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Ketogenesis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are synthesized from acetyl CoA within the body. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Glycolysis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway in which a glucose molecule breaks down and is converted into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH-reduced coenzymes. The process of glycolysis is a ten-step process in which each step is catalyzed by enzymes.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The citric acid cycle occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The Citric acid cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that use acetyl CoA (produced by oxidation of pyruvate) to produce carbon dioxide, NADH and FADH₂ in a series of redox reactions.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The β-oxidation pathway occurs within the mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.111EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Ketogenesis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are synthesized from acetyl CoA within the body. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Glycolysis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway in which a glucose molecule breaks down and is converted into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH-reduced coenzymes. The process of glycolysis is a ten-step process in which each step is catalyzed by enzymes.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The citric acid cycle occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The Citric acid cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that use acetyl CoA (produced by oxidation of pyruvate) to produce carbon dioxide, NADH and FADH₂ in a series of redox reactions.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The β-oxidation pathway occurs within the mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

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Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 25.111EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Ketogenesis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are synthesized from acetyl CoA within the body. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Glycolysis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway in which a glucose molecule breaks down and is converted into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH-reduced coenzymes. The process of glycolysis is a ten-step process in which each step is catalyzed by enzymes.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The citric acid cycle occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The Citric acid cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that use acetyl CoA (produced by oxidation of pyruvate) to produce carbon dioxide, NADH and FADH₂ in a series of redox reactions.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The β-oxidation pathway occurs within the mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 25.111EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Ketogenesis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are synthesized from acetyl CoA within the body. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 25.111EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Ketogenesis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are synthesized from acetyl CoA within the body. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Glycolysis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway in which a glucose molecule breaks down and is converted into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH-reduced coenzymes. The process of glycolysis is a ten-step process in which each step is catalyzed by enzymes.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Glycolysis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway in which a glucose molecule breaks down and is converted into two pyruvate molecules along with the production of two ATP molecules and NADH-reduced coenzymes. The process of glycolysis is a ten-step process in which each step is catalyzed by enzymes.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The citric acid cycle occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The Citric acid cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that use acetyl CoA (produced by oxidation of pyruvate) to produce carbon dioxide, NADH and FADH₂ in a series of redox reactions.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The citric acid cycle occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The Citric acid cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that use acetyl CoA (produced by oxidation of pyruvate) to produce carbon dioxide, NADH and FADH₂ in a series of redox reactions.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The β-oxidation pathway occurs within the mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The β-oxidation pathway occurs within the mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

The β-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH₂ are also produced in this pathway.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 25.1 - Which of the following statements about digestion...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 25.1 - The major function of bile released during...Ch. 25.1 - The two major products of triacylglycerol...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 5QQ Ch. 25.2 - Hormone-sensitive lipase needed for...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 25.2 - Which of the following is not a product of...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 25.3 - What is the intermediate compound in the two-step...

Solution Summary: The author explains that ketone bodies are synthesized from acetylCoA within the body. Glycolysis occurs in the cell’s cytosol.

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Chapter 25 Solutions