General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781285853918
Author: H. Stephen Stoker
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The “CZ” bond in the general formula of carboxylic derivative is polar or nonpolar has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  1

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group.  This can be represented as shown below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  2

Carboxylic acid derivatives are the ones that are synthesized from or converted to a carboxylic acid.  The generalized structural representation of carboxylic acid derivatives is shown below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  3

In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 16.8EP

The “CZ bond is polar.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  4

Explanation of Solution

The general structure of carboxylic acid is,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  5

The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is not a carbon atom.  It is an oxygen atom.  As there is a polarity difference between carbon and oxygen atom, the bond between carbon and oxygen will be polar.  This can be shown as given below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  6

Conclusion

The “CZ” bond is polar or not is indicated.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The “CZ” bond in the general formula of carboxylic derivative is polar or nonpolar has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  7

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group.  This can be represented as shown below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  8

Carboxylic acid derivatives are the ones that are synthesized from or converted to a carboxylic acid.  The generalized structural representation of carboxylic acid derivatives is shown below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  9

In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 16.8EP

The “CZ bond is nonpolar.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  10

Explanation of Solution

The general structure of carboxylic acid derivatives is,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  11

The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is a hydrogen atom.  Hydrogen atom is not a heteroatom and hence the bond between carbonyl carbon atom and hydrogen atom is said to be nonpolar.  This can be shown as given below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  12

Conclusion

The “CZ” bond is polar or not is indicated.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The “CZ” bond in the general formula of carboxylic derivative is polar or nonpolar has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  13

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group.  This can be represented as shown below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  14

Carboxylic acid derivatives are the ones that are synthesized from or converted to a carboxylic acid.  The generalized structural representation of carboxylic acid derivatives is shown below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  15

In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 16.8EP

The “CZ bond is polar.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  16

Explanation of Solution

The general structure of carboxylic acid derivatives is,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  17

The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is a chlorine atom.  As there is a polarity difference between carbon and chlorien atom, the bond between carbon and chlorine will be polar.  This can be shown as given below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  18

Conclusion

The “CZ” bond is polar or not is indicated.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The “CZ” bond in the general formula of carboxylic derivative is polar or nonpolar has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.  Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it.  The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  19

If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group.  This can be represented as shown below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  20

Carboxylic acid derivatives are the ones that are synthesized from or converted to a carboxylic acid.  The generalized structural representation of carboxylic acid derivatives is shown below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  21

In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 16.8EP

The “CZ bond is polar.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  22

Explanation of Solution

The general structure of carboxylic acid derivatives is,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  23

The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is an oxygen atom.  As there is a polarity difference between carbon and oxygen atom, the bond between carbon and oxygen will be polar.  This can be shown as given below,

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.8EP , additional homework tip  24

Conclusion

The “CZ” bond is polar or not is indicated.

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Students have asked these similar questions
What structural characteristic is shared by the aldehydes and the ketones? A) They both are straight chain compounds. B) Aldehydes and ketones both contain a carbonyl carbon. C) Both of these compound classes have as the smallest compound a 5 carbon skeleton. D) Aldehydes and ketones have no shared characteristics.
Refer to the structures of carboxylic acid and derivatives. Which of the following statements is TRUE? Compound A is the most reactive. The second most reactive is compound B Compound D is the least reactive Compound E is the most reactive.
2

Chapter 16 Solutions

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.3 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.3 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.4 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.4 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.5 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.5 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.6 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.6 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.7 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.7 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.7 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.8 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.8 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.8 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.8 - Prob. 4QQCh. 16.9 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.9 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.10 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.10 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.11 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.11 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.11 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.12 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.12 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.12 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.12 - Prob. 4QQCh. 16.13 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.13 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.14 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.14 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.14 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.15 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.15 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.15 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.16 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.16 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.16 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.17 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.17 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.18 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.18 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.18 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.19 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.19 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.19 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.19 - Prob. 4QQCh. 16.20 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.20 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.20 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.20 - Prob. 4QQCh. 16 - Prob. 16.1EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.2EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.3EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.4EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.5EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.6EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.7EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.8EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.9EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.10EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.11EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.12EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.13EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.14EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.15EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.16EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.17EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.18EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.19EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.20EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.21EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.22EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.23EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.24EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.25EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.26EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.27EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.28EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.29EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.30EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.31EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.32EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.33EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.34EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.35EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.36EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.37EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.38EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.39EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.40EPCh. 16 - Determine the maximum number of hydrogen bonds...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.42EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.43EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.44EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.45EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.46EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.47EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.48EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.49EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.50EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.51EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.52EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.53EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.54EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.55EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.56EPCh. 16 - Give the IUPAC name for each of the following...Ch. 16 - Give the IUPAC name for each of the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.59EPCh. 16 - Give the common name for each of the carboxylic...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.61EPCh. 16 - Write a chemical equation for the preparation of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.63EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.64EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.65EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.66EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.67EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.68EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.69EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.70EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.71EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.72EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.73EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.74EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.75EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.76EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.77EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.78EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.79EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.80EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.81EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.82EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.83EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.84EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.85EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.86EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.87EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.88EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.89EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.90EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.91EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.92EPCh. 16 - Assign an IUPAC name to each of the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.94EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.95EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.96EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.97EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.98EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.99EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.100EPCh. 16 - How many carbon atoms are present in a molecule of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.102EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.103EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.104EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.105EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.106EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.107EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.108EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.109EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.110EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.111EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.112EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.113EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.114EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.115EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.116EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.117EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.118EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.119EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.120EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.121EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.122EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.123EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.124EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.125EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.126EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.127EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.128EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.129EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.130EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.131EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.132EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.133EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.134EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.135EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.136EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.137EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.138EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.139EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.140EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.141EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.142EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.143EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.144EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.145EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.146EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.147EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.148EPCh. 16 - Draw a condensed structural formula for the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.150EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.151EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.152EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.153EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.154EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.155EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.156EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.157EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.158EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.159EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.160EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.161EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.162EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.163EPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.164EP
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