Chapter 16, Problem 16.30EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given carboxylic acid.

Concept Introduction:

The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D.  In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn.  They are,

• Expanded structural formula
• Condensed structural formula
• Skeletal structural formula
• Line-angle structural formula

Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.

Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.

Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.

Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.

Answer to Problem 16.30EP

The condensed structural formula is,

Explanation of Solution

Given description about the carboxylic acid is chloroacetic acid.

In the problem statement it is given how the carboxyl group has to be denoted.  From the common name it is understood that the carboxylic acid is a two carbon monocarboxylic acid.  The chlorine atom is substituted in the another carbon atom.  Therefore, the structure can be drawn as shown below,

Conclusion

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given carboxylic acid.

Concept Introduction:

The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D.  In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn.  They are,

• Expanded structural formula
• Condensed structural formula
• Skeletal structural formula
• Line-angle structural formula

Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.

Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.

Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.

Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.

Answer to Problem 16.30EP

The condensed structural formula is,

Explanation of Solution

Given description about the carboxylic acid is $\beta$-chloropropionic acid.

In the problem statement it is given how the carboxyl group has to be denoted.  From the common name it is understood that the carboxylic acid is a three carbon monocarboxylic acid.  The chlorine atom is substituted in the beta carbon atom.  Beta carbon atom in carboxylic acid is the one that is the second carbon atom from the carboxyl group.  Therefore, the structure can be drawn as shown below,

Conclusion

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given carboxylic acid.

Concept Introduction:

The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D.  In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn.  They are,

• Expanded structural formula
• Condensed structural formula
• Skeletal structural formula
• Line-angle structural formula

Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.

Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.

Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.

Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.

Answer to Problem 16.30EP

The condensed structural formula is,

Explanation of Solution

Given description about the carboxylic acid is chloromalonic acid.

In the problem statement it is given how the carboxyl group has to be denoted.  From the common name it is understood that the carboxylic acid is a three carbon dicarboxylic acid.  The chlorine atom is substituted in the carbon atom that is present in middle of the two carboxyl groups.  Therefore, the structure can be drawn as shown below,

Conclusion

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given carboxylic acid.

Concept Introduction:

The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D.  In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn.  They are,

• Expanded structural formula
• Condensed structural formula
• Skeletal structural formula
• Line-angle structural formula

Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.

Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.

Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.

Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.

Answer to Problem 16.30EP

The condensed structural formula is,

Explanation of Solution

Given description about the carboxylic acid is $\alpha ,\gamma$-dichloroglutaric acid.

In the problem statement it is given how the carboxyl group has to be denoted.  From the common name it is understood that the carboxylic acid is a four carbon dicarboxylic acid.  The chlorine atom is substituted in the alpha carbon atom and gamma carbon atom.  Alpha carbon atom in carboxylic acid is the one that is attached to the carboxyl group and the next carbon attached to the alpha carbon atom is the beta carbon atom.  The carbon atom bonded to the beta carbon atom is the gamma carbon atom.  Therefore, the structure can be drawn as shown below,

Conclusion

The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.