
(a)
Interpretation:
Balanced equations for the reaction of copper and tin with oxygen must be given along with the charge for cation and anion in the products. The species which gets oxidized must also be written.
Concept Introduction:
Copper and tin are oxidized by oxygen to their corresponding oxides.
(a)

Answer to Problem 4E
Balanced equations are given below.
Charges of cations are +2 and +4 for Cu and Sn respectively.
Charge of oxide anion is -2.
Cu and tin are oxidized to CuO and SnO2 respectively.
Explanation of Solution
Cu and Sn are oxidized to corresponding oxides and oxygen is reduced.
Oxidation number of Cu and Sn is increased from 0 to +2 and +4 respectively.
Cu and Sn have valency 2 and 4 respectively. Accordingly these have reacted with different number of oxygen atoms. The charges are determined in cation and anion as per the valency of metals.
b)
Interpretation:
Balanced equations for the reaction of silver and aluminium with oxygen must be given along with the charge for cation and anion in the products. The species which gets oxidized must also be written.
Concept Introduction:
Silver and aluminium are oxidized by oxygen to their corresponding oxides.
b)

Answer to Problem 4E
Balanced equations are given below.
Charges of cations are +1 and +3 for Ag and Al respectively.
Charge of oxide anion is -2.
Ag and Al are oxidized to Ag2O and Al2O3 respectively.
Explanation of Solution
Ag and Al are oxidized to corresponding oxides and oxygen is reduced.
Oxidation number of Ag and Al is increased from 0 to +1 and +3 respectively.
Ag and Al have valency 1 and 3 respectively. Accordingly these have reacted with different number of oxygen atoms. The charges are determined in cation and anion as per the valency of metals.
c)
Interpretation:
Balanced equations for the reaction of Cu and Pb with oxygen must be given along with the charge for cation and anion in the products. The species which gets oxidized must also be written.
Concept Introduction:
Copper and lead are oxidized by oxygen to their corresponding oxides.
c)

Answer to Problem 4E
Balanced equations are given below:
Charges of cations are +2.
Charge of oxide anion is -2.
Cu and Pb are oxidized to CuO and PbO respectively.
Explanation of Solution
Cu and Pb are oxidized to corresponding oxides and oxygen is reduced.
Oxidation number of Cu and Pb is increased from 0 to +2.
Cu and Pb have valency 2 and 4 respectively. However lead is stable in +2 state instead of +4 state due to inert pair effect for which 6s2 electron of lead don’t participate in reaction. Accordingly these have reacted with same number of oxygen atoms. The charges are determined in cation and anion as per the valency of metals.
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