Chapter U5.12, Problem 5E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The heat of the reaction on each diagram is to be labeled.

Concept introduction:When a reaction occurs, some bond formed and some bonds are broken. Every reaction goes through the intermediate stage. The intermediate is very unstable and therefore have highest energy.The diagram which represents the relative energy of reactant, product, and transition state is termed as energy diagram.

Answer to Problem 5E

The heat of the reaction $\left(\Delta H\right)$ on each diagram is labeled as shown below:

  

Explanation of Solution

The given energy diagram is shown below:

  

The heat of a reaction $\left(\Delta H\right)$ is the difference between the energies of reactant and product. The heat of the reaction $\left(\Delta H\right)$ on each diagram is labeled as shown below:

  

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The activation energy on each diagram is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: When a reaction occurs, some bond formed and some bonds are broken. Every reaction goes through the intermediate stage. The intermediate is very unstable and therefore have highest energy. The diagram which represents the relative energy of reactant, product, and transition state is termed as energy diagram.

Answer to Problem 5E

The activation energy $\left(E_{\text{a}}\right)$ on each diagram is labeled as shown below:

  

Explanation of Solution

The given energy diagram is shown below:

  

The energy required to reach a reactant to its transition state is termed as activation energy $\left(E_{\text{a}}\right)$ . The activation energy $\left(E_{\text{a}}\right)$ on each diagram is labeled as shown below:

  

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The diagram which represents the most exothermic reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: When a reaction occurs, some bond formed and some bonds are broken. Every reaction goes through the intermediate stage. The intermediate is very unstable and therefore have highest energy. The diagram which represents the relative energy of reactant, product, and transition state is termed as energy diagram.

Answer to Problem 5E

The diagram which represents the most exothermic reaction is shown below:

  

Explanation of Solution

The given energy diagram is shown below:

  

The reaction in which the energy of the product is less than the energy of reactant is termed as exothermic reaction. In an exothermic reaction, energy releases.In diagram (I) and (II), the energy of energy of the product is less than the energy of reactant. Therefore, diagram (I) and (II)represents exothermic reaction as shown below:

  

In diagram (II), the difference in the energy is more. Therefore, diagram (II) represents most exothermic reaction as shown below:

  

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reaction which requires energy to get started is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: When a reaction occurs, some bond formed and some bonds are broken. Every reaction goes through the intermediate stage. The intermediate is very unstable and therefore have highest energy. The diagram which represents the relative energy of reactant, product, and transition state is termed as energy diagram.

Answer to Problem 5E

Endothermic reaction requires energy to get started. Diagram (III) represents the endothermic reaction as shown below:

  

Explanation of Solution

The given energy diagram is shown below:

  

The reaction in which the energy of the product is more than the energy of reactant is termed as endothermic reaction. In an endothermic reaction, energy absorbs. In diagram (III), the energy of energy of the product is more than the energy of reactant. Therefore, diagram (III) represents an endothermic reaction as shown below:

  

It is known that endothermic reaction requires energy to get started. Therefore, diagram (III) is represents the endothermic reaction as shown below: