Chapter U4.21, Problem 4E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Theproductof reaction of HF and NaOH needs to be determined with balanced chemical equation.

Concept Introduction:

An acid is the substance which can give ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions in their solution whereas a base is the substance that can give ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions in the solution.

The reaction of acid and base results the formation of salt and water. The reaction is called as acid-base or neutralization reaction.

Answer to Problem 4E

  ${\text{HF}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ NaOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{NaF}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

Explanation of Solution

The acid-base reaction of HF with NaOH leads to the formation of NaF as salt and water. Here NaF is formed from the cation of base and anion of acid. Thus,, the balancedchemical equation of neutralization reaction of HF and NaOH can be written as:

  ${\text{HF}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ NaOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{NaF}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Theproduct of HCl and ${\text{Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}$ needs to be determined with balance chemical equation.

Concept Introduction:An acid is the substance which can give ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions in their solution whereas a base is the substance that can give ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions in the solution.

The reaction of acid and base results the formation of salt and water. The reaction is called as acid-base or neutralization reaction.

Answer to Problem 4E

  ${\text{2 HCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{MgCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ 2 H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

Explanation of Solution

The acid-base reaction of HCl with ${\text{Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}$ leads to the formation of ${\text{Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}$ as salt and water. Here ${\text{MgCl}}_{\text{2}}$ is formed from the cation of base and anion of acid. Thus, the balance chemical equation of neutralization reaction of HCl and ${\text{Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}$ can be written as:

  ${\text{2 HCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{MgCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ 2 H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Theproduct of HF and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{OH}$ with balance chemical equation needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:An acid is the substance which can give ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions in their solution whereas a base is the substance that can give ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions in the solution.

The reaction of acid and base results the formation of salt and water. The reaction is called as acid-base or neutralization reaction.

Answer to Problem 4E

  ${\text{HF}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{OH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{F}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

Explanation of Solution

The acid-base reaction of HF with ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{OH}$ leads to the formation of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{F}$ as salt and water. Here ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{F}$ is formed from the cation of base and anion of acid. Thus, the balance chemical equation of neutralization reaction of HF and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{OH}$ can be written as:

  ${\text{HF}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{OH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{F}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Theproduct of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ and $\text{NaOH}$ with balance chemical equation needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:An acid is the substance which can give ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions in their solution whereas a base is the substance that can give ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions in the solution.

The reaction of acid and base results the formation of salt and water. The reaction is called as acid-base or neutralization reaction.

Answer to Problem 4E

  ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ NaOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COONa}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

Explanation of Solution

The acid-base reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ with $\text{NaOH}$ leads to the formation of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COONa}$ as salt and water. Here ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COONa}$ is formed from the cation of base and anion of acid. Thus, the balance chemical equation of neutralization reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ and $\text{NaOH}$ can be written as:

  ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ NaOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COONa}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ and ${\text{Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}$ with balance chemical equation needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:An acid is the substance which can give ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions in their solution whereas a base is the substance that can give ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions in the solution.

The reaction of acid and base results the formation of salt and water. The reaction is called as acid-base or neutralization reaction.

Answer to Problem 4E

  ${\text{2 HNO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{Mg(NO}}_{\text{3}}{)}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ 2 H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

Explanation of Solution

The acid-base reaction of ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ with ${\text{Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}$ leads to the formation of ${\text{Mg(NO}}_{\text{3}}{)}_{\text{2}}$ as salt and water. Here ${\text{Mg(NO}}_{\text{3}}{)}_{\text{2}}$ is formed from the cation of base and anion of acid. Thus, the balance chemical equation of neutralization reaction of ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ and ${\text{Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}$ can be written as:

  ${\text{2 HNO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{Mg(NO}}_{\text{3}}{)}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ 2 H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Theproduct of ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{OH}$ with balance chemical equation needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:An acid is the substance which can give ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions in their solution whereas a base is the substance that can give ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions in the solution.

The reaction of acid and base results the formation of salt and water. The reaction is called as acid-base or neutralization reaction.

Answer to Problem 4E

  ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{OH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

Explanation of Solution

The acid-base reaction of ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ with ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{OH}$ leads to the formation of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}$ as salt and water. Here ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}$ is formed from the cation of base and anion of acid. Thus, the balance chemical equation of neutralization reaction of ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{OH}$ can be written as:

  ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{OH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ and ${\text{Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}$ with balance chemical equation needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:An acid is the substance which can give ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions in their solution whereas a base is the substance that can give ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions in the solution.

The reaction of acid and base results the formation of salt and water. The reaction is called as acid-base or neutralization reaction.

Answer to Problem 4E

  ${\text{2 CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COO)}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Mg}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ 2 H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

Explanation of Solution

The acid-base reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ with ${\text{Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}$ leads to the formation of ${{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COO)}}_{\text{2}}\text{Mg}$ as salt and water. Here ${{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COO)}}_{\text{2}}\text{Mg}$ is formed from the cation of base and anion of acid. Thus, the balance chemical equation of neutralization reaction of ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ and ${\text{Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}$ can be written as:

  ${\text{2 CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{{\text{(CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COO)}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Mg}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ 2 H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Theproduct of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{OH}$ with balance chemical equation needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:An acid is the substance which can give ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions in their solution whereas a base is the substance that can give ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions in the solution.

The reaction of acid and base results the formation of salt and water. The reaction is called as acid-base or neutralization reaction.

Answer to Problem 4E

  ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{OH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COONH}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

Explanation of Solution

The acid-base reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ with ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{OH}$ leads to the formation of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COONH}}_{\text{4}}$ as salt and water. Here ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COONH}}_{\text{4}}$ is formed from the cation of base and anion of acid. Thus, the balance chemical equation of neutralization reaction of ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{OH}$ can be written as:

  ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{OH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COONH}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Theproduct of ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ with balance chemical equation needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:An acid is the substance which can give ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions in their solution whereas a base is the substance that can give ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions in the solution.

The reaction of acid and base results the formation of salt and water. The reaction is called as acid-base or neutralization reaction.

Answer to Problem 4E

No reaction.

Explanation of Solution

The mixing of ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ will not give any product but only a mixture of acid will form as both are strong acid and can give H+ ions in their solution. Thus, no acid-base reaction can be observed in this mixture.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Theproduct of ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ and ${\text{Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}$ with balance chemical equation needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:An acid is the substance which can give ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions in their solution whereas a base is the substance that can give ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions in the solution.

The reaction of acid and base results the formation of salt and water. The reaction is called as acid-base or neutralization reaction.

Answer to Problem 4E

  ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{MgSO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ 2 H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

Explanation of Solution

The acid-base reaction of ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ with ${\text{Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}$ leads to the formation of ${\text{MgSO}}_{\text{4}}$ as salt and water. Here ${\text{MgSO}}_{\text{4}}$ is formed from the cation of base and anion of acid. Thus, the balance chemical equation of neutralization reaction of ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ and ${\text{Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}$ can be written as:

  ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ Mg(OH)}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{MgSO}}_{\text{4}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ 2 H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$