Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 24, Problem 10TYU
FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATTER
In a short essay (about 100-150 words), discuss how prokaryotes and other members of hydrothermal vent communities transfer and transform energy.
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Chapter 24 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 24.1 - What hypothesis did Miller test in his classic...Ch. 24.1 - How would the appearance of protocells have...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.2 - Contrast the cellular and DNA structures of...Ch. 24.2 - Distinguish between the four major modes of...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.3 - Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations...Ch. 24.3 - Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which...
Ch. 24.3 - In a rapidly changing environment, which bacterial...Ch. 24.3 - WHAT IF? If a nonpathogenic bacterium were to...Ch. 24.4 - Explain how molecular systematics and metagenomics...Ch. 24.4 - WHAT IF? What would the discovery of a bacterial...Ch. 24.5 - Explain how prokaryotes, though small, can be...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24 - Which of the following steps has not yet been...Ch. 24 - Fossilized stromatolites A. more than 2.8 billion...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 24 - Photoautotrophs use A. light as an energy source...Ch. 24 - Which of the following statements is not true? A....Ch. 24 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 24 - Plantlike photosynthesis that releases O2 occurs...Ch. 24 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA The...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION In patients infected with...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATTER In a short essay (about...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYU
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- Why can’t larger multicellular organisms live in the same places as these archaeans?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the two domains of prokaryotes is NOT true? Group of answer choices the lipid composition of the plasma membrane in archaebacteria is different from eubacteria of the two groups, eubacteria are more closely related to domain eukarya eubacteria includes the proteobacteria, chlamydia and cyanobacteria both archaebacteria and eubacteria has cell wall but archaebacteria lack peptidoglycanarrow_forwardThe figure shows stratification of microbial layers in a Winogradsky column (a method used to simulate environments similar to microbial mats observed in nature). Cyanobacteria and algae Nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria (e.g., Rhodomicrobium) Purple photosynthetic bacteria (e.g., Chromatium) Green photosynthetic bacteria (e.g., Chlorobium) Air Liquid Aerobic zone Microaerophilic zone (Less anaerobic) Anaerobic zone (More anaerobic) Mud mixed with sulfate and carbonate salts and cellulose or other organicsarrow_forward
- 24arrow_forwardIn the domain system of classification, prokaryotes are divided into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea. The two domains differ in all BUT one feature. Which feature do they have in common? Question options: They both have identical cell walls. They both have prokaryotic cells. They both thrive in extreme environments. They both are able to live only under anaerobic conditions.arrow_forwardGive at least three advantages and disadvantages of prokaryotes in human lives and industries. Explain.arrow_forward
- A prokaryote converts food energy into the chemical energy of ATP on/in its: chromosome. flagella. ribosomes. cell wall. plasma membrane.arrow_forwardThe genus Ferroplasma consists of a few species of acid-loving archaea. One species, F. acidarmanus, was discovered to be the main component of slime streamers (a type of biofilm) deep inside an abandoned California copper mine (Figure 4.11A). F. acidarmanus cells use an ancient energy-harvesting pathway that combines oxygen with ironsulfur compounds in minerals such as pyrite. This reaction dissolves the minerals, so groundwater that seeps into the mine ends up with extremely high concentrations of metal ions such as copper, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic. The reaction also produces sulfuric acid, which lowers the pH of the water around the cells to zero. Despite living in an environment with a composition similar to hot battery acid, F. acidarmanus cells maintain their internal pH at a cozy 5.0. Thus, researchers investigating Ferroplasma metabolic enzymes were surprised to discover that most of the cells enzymes function best at very low pH (Figure 4.11B). A. Deep inside one of the most toxic sites in the United States: Iron Mountain Mine, in California. The water in this stream, which is about 1 meter (3 feet) wide in this photo, is hot (around 40C, or 104F), heavily laden with arsenic and other toxic metals, and has a pH of zero. Slime streamers growing in it are a biofilm dominated by a species of archaea, Ferroplasma acidarmanus. B. pH profiles of four enzymes isolated from F. acidarmus. Researchers had expected these enzymes to function best at the cells cytoplasmic pH (5.0). What does the dashed line signify?arrow_forwardGive one significant difference between Eucaryotes and Prokaryotes.arrow_forward
- Construct your own concept map using the following words as the concepts. Supply the linking words between each pair of concepts. (Make one concept map for prokaryotic microbes and another for eukaryotic microbes) PROKARYOTIC MICROBES: genus species serotype domain Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete EUKARYOTIC MICROBES: Golgi apparatus chloroplasts cytoplasm endospore ribosomes flagella nucleolusarrow_forwardBelow are three statements - two of which are truths and one is a lie. Which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a. Although both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have a plasma membrane that protects them from their surrounding, many of the extremophiles are prokaryotic and only a few are eukaryotic. b. Despite different in appearance, nerve and muscles cell have the same genetic material and the same ability to produce electrochemical impulses. c. Although very few in numbers, there are special prokaryotes that have a membrane-bound nucleus.arrow_forwardWhat are the flaws ? Prokaryotes can live in many different environments. Anerobic organisms need oxygen to survive, while aerobic organisms can survive without oxygen. Autotrophs are organisms that can assemble high energy macromolecules for their energy. Chemotrophs are organisms that capture energy from light. Extremophiles are organisms that grow in extreme conditions like boiling water. Gram-positive bacteria have few layers of peptidoglycan, while gram-negative bacteria have many layers of peptidoglycan and are surrounded by an outer membrane. Harmful bacteria can cause illness like food poisoning. Helpful bacteria can be used in food production to make yogurt. The endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotes were once free living prokaryotes. This is supported by the mitochondria and cytoplasm since they have their own DNA and ribosomes. Harmful protists can cause diseases like malaria in humans and downy mildew in plants. Helpful protists can be…arrow_forward
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