Chapter U3.5, Problem 3E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : Using kinetic theory of gases, temperature has to be explained.

Concept Introduction : Solids, liquids and gases have different arrangement of atoms and molecules. In solids and liquids they are held close together by intermolecular forces. Molecules in gases are far apart as there are no forces between molecules in a gas.

Answer to Problem 3E

According to kinetic theory of gases, the gas particles are in constant motion. These particles are not moving in the same speed. The temperature of a gas is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the gas particles.

Explanation of Solution

In order to explain the properties of gases such as motions of gas particles, scientists have proposed a model called kinetic theory of gases. This model proposes that the gas particles are in constant motion. The theory also explains that not all gas particles move at the same speed. This theory focuses on average speed for all particles at a given temperature. The temperature of a gas is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the gas particles.

When the temperature increases, the average speed of the particles also increase.

Conclusion

Temperature is a measure of the average speed of the atoms or molecules in a sample.