Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The structural formulas of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor needs to be drawn including the lone pair of electrons.
Concept Introduction :
To draw the structural formulas and Lewis dot structure of the molecules, count the total number of valence electrons of all the constituent atoms.
Arrange the electrons around each atom in such a way that each atom should get eight electrons around it.
Lone pair of electrons does not participate in
Due to the presence of lone pair of electrons, the molecule deviates from its regular shape and exhibits polarity.
(a)
Explanation of Solution
Nitrogen structure N2:
The total number of valence electrons in N2 is 5+5 = 10
Structure of N2:
Nitrogen is a linear molecule.
Oxygen: Total number of valence electrons in oxygen is 6+6 =12.
Arrange these electrons in such a way that each atom should be surrounded by eight electrons.
Oxygen is a linear molecule.
Water Vapor:
Valence electrons in oxygen atom are 6.
Hydrogen has one valence electron.
Total water has 6+2=8 electrons.
Arrange them in such a way that oxygen should get 8 electrons around it and hydrogen should get two electrons.
Water has bent shape.
Carbon dioxide:
Carbon has four valence electrons.
Oxygen has six valence electrons.
Total number of valence electrons = 4+ 6+6=16 electrons.
Structure of CO2:
Carbon dioxide is a linear molecule.
(b)
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of water needs to be drawn.
Concept Introduction: To draw Lewis dot structure of water, count the total number of valence electrons of all the constituent atoms.
Then, arrange the electrons around each atom in such a way that oxygen should have eight electrons and hydrogen has two electrons.
(b)
Explanation of Solution
Valence electrons in oxygen atom are 6.
Hydrogen has one valence electron.
Total water has 6+2=8 electrons.
Arrange them in such a way that oxygen should get 8 electrons around it and hydrogen should get two electrons.
(c)
Interpretation: Polar and non-polar molecules among nitrogen, oxygen, water and carbon dioxide needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
In Lewis dot structure the central atoms that carry lone pair of electrons are polar.
(c)
Explanation of Solution
Nitrogen is a polar molecule, since nitrogen has a lone pair.
Oxygen is a polar molecule, since oxygen has two lone pairs of electrons.
Water is a polar molecule, since oxygen has two lone pairs of electrons.
Carbon dioxide is a nonpolar molecule, since dipole moment of C-O polar bond cancels on each direction.
(d)
Interpretation: Natural occurrence of these molecules needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
The molecules which have strong intermolecular forces of attraction can exist as solids and then liquid and weak intermolecular forces of attraction make them exist as gases.
(d)
Explanation of Solution
Water exists as a liquid at room temperature due to strong H-bond.
Nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide exist as gases under normal conditions.
Chapter U3 Solutions
Living By Chemistry: First Edition Textbook
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (3rd Edition)
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (13th Edition)
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
- Predict the products of this organic reaction: O CH3 + H2O + HCI A A? CH3-CH2-C-N-CH3 Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the condensed structure of the product, or products, of this reaction. If there's more than one product, draw them in any arrangement you like, so long as they aren't touching. If there aren't any products because this reaction won't happen, check the No reaction box under the drawing area. No Reaction Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure.arrow_forwardWhat is the missing reactant in this organic reaction? R+ HO-C-CH2-CH3 0= CH3 CH3 —CH, C−NH—CH CH3 + H₂O Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the condensed structure of R. If there is more than one reasonable answer, you can draw any one of them. If there is no reasonable answer, check the No answer box under the drawing area. Note for advanced students: you may assume no products other than those shown above are formed. No Answer Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure. €arrow_forward个 CHEM&131 9267 - $25 - Intro to Mail - Hutchison, Allison (Student x Aktiv Learnin https://app.aktiv.com Draw the product of the reaction shown below. Ignore inorganic byproducts. + Na2Cr2O7 Acetone, H2SO4 Type here to search Dryng OH W Prarrow_forward
- Predict the products of this organic reaction: OH + NaOH A? Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the skeletal ("line") structure of the product, or products, of this reaction. (If there's more than one product, draw them in any arrangement you like, so long as they aren't touching.) If there aren't any products because this reaction won't happen, check the No reaction box under the drawing area. No reaction Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ✓ Sarrow_forwardPredict the products of this organic reaction: CH3-C-O-CH2-CH2-C-CH3 + H₂O ? A Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the condensed structure of the product, or products, of this reaction. (If there's more than one product, draw them in any arrangement you like, so long as they aren't touching.) If there aren't any products because this reaction won't happen, check the No reaction box under the drawing area. No reaction Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure. :☐ darrow_forwardDE d. Draw an arrow pushing mechanism for the following IN O CI N fo 人 P Polle DELL prt sc home end ins F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12arrow_forward
- Predict the products of this organic reaction: + H₂O H* ? A Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the skeletal ("line") structure of the product, or products, of this reaction. (If there's more than one product, draw them in any arrangement you like, so long as they aren't touching.) If there aren't any products because this reaction won't happen, check the No reaction box under the drawing area. No Reaction Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardPredict the major organic products of the reaction below and draw them on right side of the arrow. If there will be no significant reaction, check the box below the drawing area instead. C Cl CH, OH There will be no significant reaction. + pyridine G Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardWhat is the missing reactant in this organic reaction? H R+ H2O Δ OH 0= CH3-CH-O-CH3 + CH3-C-OH Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the condensed structure of R. If there is more than one reasonable answer, you can draw any one of them. If there is no reasonable answer, check the No answer box under the drawing area. No Answer Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure. dyarrow_forward
- You are trying to determine whether the following organic reaction can be done in a single synthesis step. If so, add any missing reagents or conditions in the drawing area below. If it isn't possible to do this reaction in a single synthesis step, check the box below the drawing area instead. Note for advanced students: if you have a choice of reagents to add, you should choose the least reactive and most economical reagents possible. Cl It isn't possible to do this reaction in a single synthesis step. + T OHarrow_forwardPredict the products of this organic reaction: CH3 O CH3-CH-C-O-CH2-CH2-CH3 + H₂OH+ Η ? A Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the condensed structure of the product, or products, of this reaction. (If there's more than one product, draw them in any arrangement you like, so long as they aren't touching.) If there aren't any products because this reaction won't happen, check the No reaction box under the drawing area. No Reaction Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure.arrow_forward€ CH3-CH-C-O-CH2-CH2-CH3 + NaOH A? Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the condensed structure of the product, or products, of this reaction. (If there's more than one product, draw them in any arrangement you like, so long as they aren't touching.) If there aren't any products because this reaction won't happen, check the No reaction box under the drawing area. Predict the products of this organic reaction: CH3 O Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure. No reaction ✓ Garrow_forward
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY