Living By Chemistry: First Edition Textbook
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781559539418
Author: Angelica Stacy
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter U3, Problem 3RE
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation : Using kinetic theory of gases, reason for gas expanding when heated and contracting when cooled has to be explained.
Concept Introduction : Solids, liquids and gases have different arrangement of atoms and molecules. In solids and liquids they are held close together by intermolecular forces. Molecules in gases are far apart as there are no forces between molecules in a gas.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 3RE
According to kinetic theory of gases, the gas particles are in constant random motion. The gas particles are constantly striking each other and the walls of the container. When the temperature increases, the average speed of the particles also increase. With increase in average speed, their collisions increase and they move farther apart. Their volume increases. This causes gases to expand on heating.
Similarly when temperature decreases, the gas particles come close together due to decease in their average speed and decrease in their number of collisions. This makes them shrink or contract.
Explanation of Solution
In order to explain the properties of gases such as motions of gas particles, scientists have proposed a model called kinetic theory of gases. The model proposed that the gas particles are in constant motion. The theory also explains that not all gas particles move at the same speed. This theory focuses on average speed for all particles at a given temperature. The temperature of a gas is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the gas particles.
When the temperature increases, the average speed of the particles also increase.The gas particles are constantly striking each other and the walls of the container. With increase in average speed, their collisions increase and they move farther apart. Their volume increases. This causes gases to expand on heating.
Similarly when temperature decreases, the gas particles come close together due to decease in their average speed and decrease in their number of collisions. This makes them shrink or contract.
Conclusion
Temperature is a measure of the average speed of the atoms or molecules in a sample.
Chapter U3 Solutions
Living By Chemistry: First Edition Textbook
Ch. U3.1 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.1 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.1 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.1 - Prob. 3ECh. U3.1 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.1 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.2 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.2 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.2 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.2 - Prob. 3E
Ch. U3.2 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.2 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.2 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.2 - Prob. 7ECh. U3.3 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.3 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.3 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.3 - Prob. 3ECh. U3.3 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.3 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.3 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.3 - Prob. 7ECh. U3.3 - Prob. 8ECh. U3.3 - Prob. 9ECh. U3.4 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.4 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.4 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.4 - Prob. 3ECh. U3.4 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.4 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.4 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.4 - Prob. 7ECh. U3.4 - Prob. 8ECh. U3.4 - Prob. 9ECh. U3.5 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.5 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.5 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.5 - Prob. 3ECh. U3.5 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.5 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.5 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.5 - Prob. 7ECh. U3.5 - Prob. 8ECh. U3.5 - Prob. 9ECh. U3.5 - Prob. 10ECh. U3.5 - Prob. 11ECh. U3.5 - Prob. 12ECh. U3.6 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.6 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.6 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.6 - Prob. 3ECh. U3.6 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.6 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.6 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.6 - Prob. 7ECh. U3.6 - Prob. 8ECh. U3.7 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.7 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.7 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.7 - Prob. 3ECh. U3.7 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.7 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.7 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.8 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.8 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.8 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.8 - Prob. 3ECh. U3.8 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.8 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.8 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.8 - Prob. 7ECh. U3.8 - Prob. 8ECh. U3.8 - Prob. 9ECh. U3.8 - Prob. 10ECh. U3.9 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.9 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.9 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.9 - Prob. 3ECh. U3.9 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.9 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.9 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.9 - Prob. 7ECh. U3.9 - Prob. 8ECh. U3.9 - Prob. 10ECh. U3.10 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.10 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.10 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.10 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.10 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.10 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.10 - Prob. 7ECh. U3.11 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.11 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.11 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.11 - Prob. 3ECh. U3.11 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.11 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.12 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.12 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.12 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.12 - Prob. 3ECh. U3.12 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.12 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.12 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.12 - Prob. 7ECh. U3.12 - Prob. 8ECh. U3.13 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.13 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.13 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.13 - Prob. 3ECh. U3.13 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.13 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.13 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.13 - Prob. 7ECh. U3.14 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.14 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.14 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.15 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.15 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.15 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.15 - Prob. 3ECh. U3.15 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.15 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.15 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.15 - Prob. 7ECh. U3.15 - Prob. 8ECh. U3.16 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.16 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.16 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.16 - Prob. 3ECh. U3.16 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.16 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.16 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.16 - Prob. 7ECh. U3.17 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.17 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.17 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.17 - Prob. 3ECh. U3.17 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.17 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.17 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.17 - Prob. 7ECh. U3.17 - Prob. 8ECh. U3.18 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.18 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.18 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.18 - Prob. 3ECh. U3.18 - Prob. 4ECh. U3.18 - Prob. 5ECh. U3.18 - Prob. 6ECh. U3.18 - Prob. 7ECh. U3.18 - Prob. 8ECh. U3.18 - Prob. 9ECh. U3.18 - Prob. 10ECh. U3.18 - Prob. 11ECh. U3.18 - Prob. 12ECh. U3.19 - Prob. 1TAICh. U3.19 - Prob. 1ECh. U3.19 - Prob. 2ECh. U3.19 - Prob. 4ECh. U3 - Prob. SI1RECh. U3 - Prob. SI2RECh. U3 - Prob. SI3RECh. U3 - Prob. SI4RECh. U3 - Prob. SI5RECh. U3 - Prob. SII1RECh. U3 - Prob. SII2RECh. U3 - Prob. SII3RECh. U3 - Prob. SII4RECh. U3 - Prob. SII5RECh. U3 - Prob. SIII1RECh. U3 - Prob. SIII2RECh. U3 - Prob. SIII3RECh. U3 - Prob. SIII4RECh. U3 - Prob. SIII5RECh. U3 - Prob. 1RECh. U3 - Prob. 2RECh. U3 - Prob. 3RECh. U3 - Prob. 4RECh. U3 - Prob. 5RECh. U3 - Prob. 6RECh. U3 - Prob. 7RECh. U3 - Prob. 8RECh. U3 - Prob. 9RECh. U3 - Prob. 10RECh. U3 - Prob. 11RECh. U3 - Prob. 12RECh. U3 - Prob. 13RE
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
[14.110] The following mechanism has been proposed for the gas-phase reaction of chloroform (CHCI3) and chlorin...
Chemistry: The Central Science (14th Edition)
Where is transitional epithelium found and what is its importance at those sites?
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
68. Correct any incorrect equations. If no reaction occurs, write NO REACTION.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Introductory Chemistry (6th Edition)
Which culture produces the most lactic acid? Use the following choices to answer questions. a. E. coli growing ...
Microbiology: An Introduction
With what geologic feature are the earthquakes in the mid-Atlantic associated?
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
If an egg rolls out of the nest, a mother greylag goose will retrieve it by nudging it with her beak and head. ...
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Among the main characteristics of optical fibers, indicate which of the following is not included:(a) Opacity and Rigidity(b) Flexibility(c) Transparency(d) Low thicknessarrow_forwardMost ceramic materials have low thermal conductivities because(a) Electron mobility is strongly restricted due to their strong ionic-covalent bonding.(b) False, in general they are excellent thermal conductors (they are used in ovens).(c) Electron mobility is dependent on T and therefore they are poor conductors at high temperatures.(d) Electron mobility is highly restricted by secondary bonds.arrow_forwardSi increases its conductivity when doped with Ga and P.(a) True, because the conduction mechanism is due to electrons and holes generated by Ga and P as the case may be.(b) True, because a completely different compound is generated.(c) False, because when impurities are introduced, the opposite occurs.(d) False, because the conductivity of Si is only determined by the increase in temperature, which must be controlled.arrow_forward
- Indicate whether a configuration and a microstate are the same:a) Yesb) No, a microstate encompasses several configurationsc) No, a configuration is the same as a macrostated) No, a configuration encompasses several microstatesarrow_forwardThe representation of a one-dimensional velocity distribution function for a gas, with increasing temperature the maximum occurs for vi = 0 m/s. Correct?arrow_forwardThe representation of a one-dimensional velocity distribution function for a gas, as the temperature increases:a) it becomes more flattenedb) the maximum occurs for vi = 0 m/sExplain it.arrow_forward
- The velocity distribution function of gas moleculesa) is used to measure their velocity, since the small size of gas molecules means that it cannot be measured in any other wayb) is only used to describe the velocity of particles if their density is very high.c) describes the probability that a gas particle has a velocity in a given interval of velocitiesarrow_forwardExplain why in the representation of a one-dimensional velocity distribution function for a particular gas, the maximum occurs for vi = 0 m/s.arrow_forwardExplain why the representation of a one-dimensional velocity distribution function for a particular gas becomes flatter as the temperature increases.arrow_forward
- Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules and assign charges where appropriate. The order in which the atoms are connected is given in parentheses. a. CIFCIF b. BrCNBrCN 0 c. SOCI2 × (CISCIO) SOC₁₂ (CISCI) You can draw both an octet and a valence shell expanded structure. Considering the following structural information, which is the better one: The measured S-OS-O bond length in SOC12SOCl2 is 1.43 Å. For comparison, that in SO2SO2 is 1.43 Å [Exercise 1-9, part (b)], that in CHзSOHCH3 SOH d. CH3NH2CH3NH2 (methanesulfenic acid) is 1.66 A. e. CH3OCH3 CH3 OCH3 NH2 f. N2H2× (HNNH) N2 H2 (HNNH) g. CH2COCH₂ CO h. HN3× (HNNN) HN3 (HNNN) i. N20 × (NNO) N2O (NNO)arrow_forwardbre The reaction sequence shown in Scheme 5 demonstrates the synthesis of a substituted benzene derivative Q. wolsd works 2 NH2 NaNO2, HCI (apexe) 13× (1 HNO3, H2SO4 C6H5CIN2 0°C HOTE CHINO₂ N O *O₂H ( PO Q Я Scheme 5 2 bag abouoqmics to sounde odi WEIC (i) Draw the structure of intermediate O. [2 marks] to noitsmot od: tot meinedogm, noit so oft listsb ni zaupaib bas wa (ii) Draw the mechanism for the transformation of aniline N to intermediate O. Spoilage (b) [6 marks] (iii) Identify the reagent X used to convert compound O to the iodinated compound [tom E P. vueimado oilovonsa ni moitos nolisbnolov ayd toes ai tedw nisiqx (iv) Identify the possible structures of compound Q. [2 marks] [2 marks] [shom 2] (v) bus noires goiribbeolovo xnivollot adj to subora sidab Draw the mechanism for the transformation of intermediate P to compound Q. [5 marks] vi (vi) Account for the regiochemical outcome observed in the reaction forming compound Q. [3 marks]arrow_forwardPROBLEM 4 Solved Show how 1-butanol can be converted into the following compounds: a. PROBLEM 5+ b. d. -C= Narrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781259911156
Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577213
Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078021558
Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781118431221
Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:WILEY