Chapter 5, Problem 74A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electrically neutral atoms having the electronic configuration is to be identified.

Concept Introduction: Electronic configurations refer to the arrangements of electrons in different orbitals around atoms' nuclei.

Answer to Problem 74A

The element that has electrically neutral atom is Fluorine.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configurations refer to the arrangements of electrons in different orbitals around atoms' nuclei.

The Aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule are three rules that can be used to determine the electronic configuration of atoms.

The energy levels and symbols for each sub-level occupied by an electron are written for an atom's electrical configuration.

Each sub-level is superscripted with the number of electrons occupied. The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the sum of the superscripts.

The order of orbital filling of the atoms is given as

  $1s,2s,3p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d,7p$

Where, s orbitals accommodate 2 electrons, p orbitals 6 electrons, d orbitals 10 electrons, and f orbitals 14 electrons.

The given electronic configuration is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^5$ .

To find the symbol of the atom, add on the superscripts of the electronic configuration.

  $\begin{array}{c}1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^5=2+2+5\\ =9\end{array}$

The element with atomic number 9 is Fluorine. Its symbol is $\text{F}$ .

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electrically neutral atoms having the electronic configuration is to be identified.

Concept Introduction: Electronic configurations refer to the arrangements of electrons in different orbitals around atoms' nuclei.

Answer to Problem 74A

The element that has electrically neutral atom is Germanium.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configurations refer to the arrangements of electrons in different orbitals around atoms' nuclei.

The Aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule are three rules that can be used to determine the electronic configuration of atoms.

The energy levels and symbols for each sub-level occupied by an electron are written for an atom's electrical configuration.

Each sub-level is superscripted with the number of electrons occupied. The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the sum of the superscripts.

The order of orbital filling of the atoms is given as

  $1s,2s,3p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d,7p$

Where, s orbitals accommodate 2 electrons, p orbitals 6 electrons, d orbitals 10 electrons, and f orbitals 14 electrons.

The given electronic configuration is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^2$ .

To find the symbol of the atom, add on the superscripts of the electronic configuration.

  $\begin{array}{c}1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^2=2+2+6+2+6+10+2+2\\ =32\end{array}$

The element with atomic number 32 is Germanium. Its symbol is $\text{Ge}$ .

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electrically neutral atoms having the electronic configuration is to be identified.

Concept Introduction: Electronic configurations refer to the arrangements of electrons in different orbitals around atoms' nuclei.

Answer to Problem 74A

The element that has electrically neutral atom is Vanadium.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configurations refer to the arrangements of electrons in different orbitals around atoms' nuclei.

The Aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule are three rules that can be used to determine the electronic configuration of atoms.

The energy levels and symbols for each sub-level occupied by an electron are written for an atom's electrical configuration.

Each sub-level is superscripted with the number of electrons occupied. The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the sum of the superscripts.

The order of orbital filling of the atoms is given as

  $1s,2s,3p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d,7p$

Where, s orbitals accommodate 2 electrons, p orbitals 6 electrons, d orbitals 10 electrons, and f orbitals 14 electrons.

The given electronic configuration is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{3}4s^2$ .

To find the symbol of the atom, add on the superscripts of the electronic configuration.

  $\begin{array}{c}1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{3}4s^2=2+2+6+2+6+3+2\\ =23\end{array}$

The element with atomic number 23 is Vanadium. Its symbol is $\text{V}$ .