Chapter 5, Problem 40A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electron configuration for the element with atomic number 7 needs to be written.

Concept Introduction: The electron configuration explains the electron distribution in atomic orbitals. There is a standard notation to write an electron configuration. The atomic shell is written in a sequence with the number of electrons in superscript.

Answer to Problem 40A

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^3$

Explanation of Solution

The given atomic number is 7. Since the atomic number is equal to the number of electrons, thus, the total number of electrons present in the atom will be 7. Now s , p, and d orbitals can maximum hold 2, 6, and 10 electrons; thus, the electron configuration of the element with atomic number 7 will be:

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^3$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electron configuration for the element with atomic number 9 needs to be written.

Concept Introduction: The electron configuration explains the electron distribution in atomic orbitals. There is a standard notation to write an electron configuration. The atomic shell is written in a sequence with the number of electrons in superscript.

Answer to Problem 40A

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^5$

Explanation of Solution

The given atomic number is 9. Since the atomic number is equal to the number of electrons, thus, the total number of electrons present in the atom will be 9. Now, s , p, and d orbitals can maximum hold 2, 6, and 10 electrons; thus, the electron configuration of the element with atomic number 9 will be:

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^5$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electron configuration for the element with atomic number 12 needs to be written.

Concept Introduction: The electron configuration explains the electron distribution in atomic orbitals. There is a standard notation to write an electron configuration. The atomic shell is written in a sequence with the number of electrons in superscript.

Answer to Problem 40A

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^2$

Explanation of Solution

The given atomic number is 12. Since the atomic number is equal to the number of electrons, thus, the total number of electrons present in the atom will be 12. Now, s , p, and d orbitals can maximum hold 2, 6, and 10 electrons; thus, the electron configuration of the element with atomic number 12 will be:

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^2$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electron configuration for the element with atomic number 36 needs to be written.

Concept Introduction: The electron configuration explains the electron distribution in atomic orbitals. There is a standard notation to write an electron configuration. The atomic shell is written in a sequence with the number of electrons in superscript.

Answer to Problem 40A

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^6$

Explanation of Solution

The given atomic number is 36. Since the atomic number is equal to the number of electrons, thus, the total number of electrons present in the atom will be 36. Now, s , p, and d orbitals can maximum hold 2, 6, and 10 electrons; thus, the electron configuration of the element with atomic number 36 will be:

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^6$

Here, 4s orbital is filled before 3d .