Chapter 5, Problem 44A

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configurations for atoms of the elements are to be represented.

Concept Introduction: Electronic configurations refer to the arrangements of electrons in different orbitals around atoms' nuclei.

Answer to Problem 44A

The electronic configuration of the selenium atom is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^4$ .

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configurations refer to the arrangements of electrons in different orbitals around atoms' nuclei.

The Aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule are three rules that can be used to determine the electronic configuration of atoms.

The atomic number of selenium is 34.

Selenium contains 34 electrons.

The energy levels and symbols for each sub-level occupied by an electron are written for an atom's electrical configuration.

Each sub-level is superscripted with the number of electrons occupied. The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the sum of the superscripts.

The order of orbital filling of the atoms is given as

  $1s,2s,3p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d,7p$

Where, s orbitals accommodate 2 electrons, p orbitals 6 electrons, d orbitals 10 electrons, and f orbitals 14 electrons.

The electronic configuration of the selenium atom is written as follows:

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^4$

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configurations for atoms of the elements are to be represented.

Concept Introduction: Electronic configurations refer to the arrangements of electrons in different orbitals around atoms' nuclei.

Answer to Problem 44A

The electronic configuration of the titanium atom is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{2}4s^2$ .

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configurations refer to the arrangements of electrons in different orbitals around atoms' nuclei.

The Aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule are three rules that can be used to determine the electronic configuration of atoms.

The atomic number of titanium is 22.

Titanium contains 22 electrons.

The energy levels and symbols for each sub-level occupied by an electron are written for an atom's electrical configuration.

Each sub-level is superscripted with the number of electrons occupied. The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the sum of the superscripts.

The order of orbital filling of the atoms is given as

  $1s,2s,3p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d,7p$

Where, s orbitals accommodate 2 electrons, p orbitals 6 electrons, d orbitals 10 electrons, and f orbitals 14 electrons.

The electronic configuration of the titanium atom is written as follows:

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}3p^{6}3d^{2}4s^2$

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configurations for atoms of the elements are to be represented.

Concept Introduction: Electronic configurations refer to the arrangements of electrons in different orbitals around atoms' nuclei.

Answer to Problem 44A

The electronic configuration of the vanadium atom is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{3}4s^2$ .

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configurations refer to the arrangements of electrons in different orbitals around atoms' nuclei.

The Aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule are three rules that can be used to determine the electronic configuration of atoms.

The atomic number of vanadium is 23.

Vanadium contains 23 electrons.

The energy levels and symbols for each sub-level occupied by an electron are written for an atom's electrical configuration.

Each sub-level is superscripted with the number of electrons occupied. The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the sum of the superscripts.

The order of orbital filling of the atoms is given as

  $1s,2s,3p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d,7p$

Where, s orbitals accommodate 2 electrons, p orbitals 6 electrons, d orbitals 10 electrons, and f orbitals 14 electrons.

The electronic configuration of the vanadium atom is written as follows:

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{3}4s^2$

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configurations for atoms of the elements are to be represented.

Concept Introduction: Electronic configurations refer to the arrangements of electrons in different orbitals around atoms' nuclei.

Answer to Problem 44A

The electronic configuration of the calcium atom is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^2$ .

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configurations refer to the arrangements of electrons in different orbitals around atoms' nuclei.

The Aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule are three rules that can be used to determine the electronic configuration of atoms.

The atomic number of calcium is 20.

Neon contains 20 electrons.

The energy levels and symbols for each sub-level occupied by an electron are written for an atom's electrical configuration.

Each sub-level is superscripted with the number of electrons occupied. The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the sum of the superscripts.

The order of orbital filling of the atoms is given as

  $1s,2s,3p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d,7p$

Where, s orbitals accommodate 2 electrons, p orbitals 6 electrons, d orbitals 10 electrons, and f orbitals 14 electrons.

The electronic configuration of the calcium atom is written as follows:

  $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^2$