Chapter 21, Problem 58E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For each of the following structural formulas is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Carboxylic acids are organic compounds having a general formula of $\text{RCOOH}$. The R is a side group and $\text{COOH}$ is a carboxyl group. Esters are the derivatives of carboxylic acids. Both contain a carbonyl group with a second oxygen atom bonded to the carbon atom in the carbonyl group by a single bond. In a carboxylic acid, the second oxygen atom also bonded to a hydrogen atom but in an ester, the second oxygen atom is bonded to another carbon atom.

To determine: The structural formula of 3-methylpentanoic acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For each of the following structural formulas is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Carboxylic acids are organic compounds having a general formula of $\text{RCOOH}$. The R is a side group and $\text{COOH}$ is a carboxyl group. Esters are the derivatives of carboxylic acids. Both contain a carbonyl group with a second oxygen atom bonded to the carbon atom in the carbonyl group by a single bond. In a carboxylic acid, the second oxygen atom also bonded to a hydrogen atom but in an ester, the second oxygen atom is bonded to another carbon atom.

To determine: The structural formula of $\text{Ethyl}\text{methanoate}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For each of the following structural formulas is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Carboxylic acids are organic compounds having a general formula of $\text{RCOOH}$. The R is a side group and $\text{COOH}$ is a carboxyl group. Esters are the derivatives of carboxylic acids. Both contain a carbonyl group with a second oxygen atom bonded to the carbon atom in the carbonyl group by a single bond. In a carboxylic acid, the second oxygen atom also bonded to a hydrogen atom but in an ester, the second oxygen atom is bonded to another carbon atom.

To determine: The structural formula of $\text{Methyl}\text{benzoate}$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For each of the following structural formulas is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Carboxylic acids are organic compounds having a general formula of $\text{RCOOH}$. The R is a side group and $\text{COOH}$ is a carboxyl group. Esters are the derivatives of carboxylic acids. Both contain a carbonyl group with a second oxygen atom bonded to the carbon atom in the carbonyl group by a single bond. In a carboxylic acid, the second oxygen atom also bonded to a hydrogen atom but in an ester, the second oxygen atom is bonded to another carbon atom.

To determine: The structural formula of $\text{3-chloro-2,4-dimethylhexanoic}\text{acid}$.