
(a)
Interpretation: The structures of the final products formed in the following reactions are to be stated.
Concept introduction: Organic compounds are synthesized through organic reactions. The different types of reactions in
To determine: The structure of
(a)

Explanation of Solution
Explanation
The structure of
The structure of
Figure 1
The given reactant is
(b)
Interpretation: The structures of the final products formed in the following reactions are to be stated.
Concept introduction: Organic compounds are synthesized through organic reactions. The different types of reactions in organic chemistry are elimination reaction, substitution reaction, addition reactions and many more. Addition reactions are takes place when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. Elimination reactions occur when a reactant broke down into two or more products and the substitution reactions takes place by an exchange in the reactants.
To determine: The structure of
(b)

Explanation of Solution
Explanation
The structure of
The structure of
Figure 2
The given reactant reacts with water to form tertiary alcohol as the major product. As tertiary alcohols are formed by the dehydration of
(c)
Interpretation: The structures of the final products formed in the following reactions are to be stated.
Concept introduction: Organic compounds are synthesized through organic reactions. The different types of reactions in organic chemistry are elimination reaction, substitution reaction, addition reactions and many more. Addition reactions are takes place when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. Elimination reactions occur when a reactant broke down into two or more products and the substitution reactions takes place by an exchange in the reactants.
To determine: The two possible structures of
(c)

Explanation of Solution
Explanation
The two possible structures of
The two possible structures of
Figure 3
The given chemical formula is
(d)
Interpretation: The structures of the final products formed in the following reactions are to be stated.
Concept introduction: Organic compounds are synthesized through organic reactions. The different types of reactions in organic chemistry are elimination reaction, substitution reaction, addition reactions and many more. Addition reactions are takes place when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. Elimination reactions occur when a reactant broke down into two or more products and the substitution reactions takes place by an exchange in the reactants.
To determine: The structure of hydrocarbon reacted with
(d)

Explanation of Solution
Explanation
The structure of hydrocarbon is shown in Figure 4.
The structure of hydrocarbon is,
Figure 4
The given hydrocarbon reacts with water which is further oxidized to give acetone. Therefore, the given hydrocarbon should be alkene which is propene as the major product is
(e)
Interpretation: The structures of the final products formed in the following reactions are to be stated.
Concept introduction: Organic compounds are synthesized through organic reactions. The different types of reactions in organic chemistry are elimination reaction, substitution reaction, addition reactions and many more. Addition reactions are takes place when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. Elimination reactions occur when a reactant broke down into two or more products and the substitution reactions takes place by an exchange in the reactants.
To determine: The possible structures for
(e)

Explanation of Solution
Explanation
The first possible structure for
The first possible structure for
Figure 5
The major product for this reaction is
The second possible structure for
The second possible structure for
Figure 6
The isomer for the given reactant
The third possible structure for
The third possible structure for
Figure 7
The isomer for the given reactant
The fourth possible structure for
The fourth possible structure for
Figure 8
The isomer for the given reactant
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
- Using the bond energy values, calculate the energy that must be supplied or is released upon the polymerization of 755 monomers. If energy must be supplied, provide a positive number; if energy is released, provide a negative number. Hint: Avogadro’s number is 6.02 × 1023.arrow_forward-AG|F=2E|V 3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized. Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14: Acidic solution -0.93 +0.38 -0.51 -0.06 H3PO4 →H4P206 H3PO3 H3PO2 → P→ PH3 -0.28 -0.50 → -0.50 Basic solution 3-1.12 -1.57 -2.05 -0.89 PO HPO →→H2PO2 P PH3 -1.73 a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the formation and reduction of H4P2O6 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both processes; comment. (3 points) 0.5 PH, 0.0 -0.5- 2 3 9 3 -1.5 -2.0 Pa H,PO H,PO H,PO -3 -1 0 2 4 Oxidation state, N 2 b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic conditions is shown. Identify possible disproportionation and comproportionation processes; write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points) c) Elemental phosphorus tends to disproportionate under basic conditions. Use data in…arrow_forwardThese two reactions appear to start with the same starting materials but result in different products. How do the chemicals know which product to form? Are both products formed, or is there some information missing that will direct them a particular way?arrow_forward
- What would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1. PPh3 3 1 2 2. n-BuLi • Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Priva ×arrow_forwardPredict the products of this organic reaction: Explanation Check IN NaBH3CN H+ ? Click and drag to start drawing a structure. D 5 C +arrow_forwardPredict the products of this organic reaction: H3O+ + ? • Draw all the reasonable products in the drawing area below. If there are no products, because no reaction will occur, check the box under the drawing area. • Include both major and minor products, if some of the products will be more common than others. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds if you need to distinguish between enantiomers. No reaction. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. dmarrow_forward
- Iarrow_forwardDraw the anti-Markovnikov product of the hydration of this alkene. this problem. Note for advanced students: draw only one product, and don't worry about showing any stereochemistry. Drawing dash and wedge bonds has been disabled for esc esc ☐ Explanation Check F1 1 2 F2 # 3 F3 + $ 14 × 1. BH THE BH3 2. H O NaOH '2 2' Click and drag to start drawing a structure. F4 Q W E R A S D % 905 LL F5 F6 F7 © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility < & 6 7 27 8 T Y U G H I F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 9 0 J K L P + // command option Z X C V B N M H H rol option commandarrow_forwardAG/F-2° V 3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized. Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14: -0.93 +0.38 -0.50 -0.51 -0.06 H3PO4 →H4P206 →H3PO3 →→H3PO₂ → P → PH3 Acidic solution Basic solution -0.28 -0.50 3--1.12 -1.57 -2.05 -0.89 PO HPO H₂PO₂ →P → PH3 -1.73 a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the formation and reduction of H4P206 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both processes; comment. (3 points) 0.5 PH P 0.0 -0.5 -1.0- -1.5- -2.0 H.PO, -2.3+ -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 2 H,PO, b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic conditions is shown. Identify possible disproportionation and comproportionation processes; write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points) H,PO 4 S Oxidation stale, Narrow_forward
- 4. For the following complexes, draw the structures and give a d-electron count of the metal: a) Tris(acetylacetonato)iron(III) b) Hexabromoplatinate(2-) c) Potassium diamminetetrabromocobaltate(III) (6 points)arrow_forward2. Calculate the overall formation constant for [Fe(CN)6]³, given that the overall formation constant for [Fe(CN)6] 4 is ~1032, and that: Fe3+ (aq) + e = Fe²+ (aq) E° = +0.77 V [Fe(CN)6]³ (aq) + e¯ = [Fe(CN)6] (aq) E° = +0.36 V (4 points)arrow_forward5. Consider the compounds shown below as ligands in coordination chemistry and identify their denticity; comment on their ability to form chelate complexes. (6 points) N N A B N N N IN N Carrow_forward
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