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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
(b)
Interpretation:
Cycloalkanes are more susceptible for addition reaction or substitution reaction has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between the carbon atoms. Therefore, there is no possibility of addition reaction. Alkanes undergo only substitution reactions. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in its structure. Addition reaction can take place across the double bond. Alkynes are compounds that contain at least one triple bond between the carbon atoms in its structure. Addition reaction takes place across the triple bond. Aromatic compounds undergo substitution reactions rather than addition reactions even though they contain double bonds. This is because the double bonds are involved in delocalization.
(c)
Interpretation:
Aromatic hydrocarbons are more susceptible for addition reaction or substitution reaction has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between the carbon atoms. Therefore, there is no possibility of addition reaction. Alkanes undergo only substitution reactions. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in its structure. Addition reaction can take place across the double bond. Alkynes are compounds that contain at least one triple bond between the carbon atoms in its structure. Addition reaction takes place across the triple bond. Aromatic compounds undergo substitution reactions rather than addition reactions even though they contain double bonds. This is because the double bonds are involved in delocalization.
(d)
Interpretation:
Saturated hydrocarbons are more susceptible for addition reaction or substitution reaction has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between the carbon atoms. Therefore, there is no possibility of addition reaction. Alkanes undergo only substitution reactions. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in its structure. Addition reaction can take place across the double bond. Alkynes are compounds that contain at least one triple bond between the carbon atoms in its structure. Addition reaction takes place across the triple bond. Aromatic compounds undergo substitution reactions rather than addition reactions even though they contain double bonds. This is because the double bonds are involved in delocalization.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- What is the difference in bonding and in the general molecular formula between an alkene and an alkane with the same number of carbon atoms?arrow_forwardSelect those compounds that can be correctly called unsaturated and classify each one as an alkene or an alkyne: a.CH3CH2CH3f. b.CH3CH=CHCH3g. c.h.CH2=CHCH2CH3 d.i. e.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference in bonding and in general molecular formula between an alkene and a cycloalkane with the same number of carbon atoms?arrow_forward
- How does the structure of a cycloalkane differ from that of a straight-chain or branched-chain alkane?arrow_forwardDistinguish between isomerism and resonance. Distinguish between structural and geometric isomerism. When writing the various structural isomers, the most difficult task is identifying which are different isomers and which are identical to a previously written structurethat is, which are compounds that differ only by the rotation of a carbon single bond. How do you distinguish between structural isomers and those that are identical? Alkenes and cycloalkanes are structural isomers of each other. Give an example of each using C4H8. Another common feature of alkenes and cycloalkanes is that both have restricted rotation about one or more bonds in the compound, so both can exhibit cis- trans isomerism. What is required for an alkene or cycloalkane to exhibit cis-trans isomerism? Explain the difference between cis and trans isomers. Alcohols and ethers are structural isomers of each other, as are aldehydes and ketones. Give an example of each to illustrate. Which functional group in Table 21-4 can be structural isomers of carboxylic acids? What is optical isomerism? What do you look for to determine whether an organic compound exhibits optical isomerism? 1-Bromo-1-chloroethane is optically active whereas 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is not optically active. Explain.arrow_forwardSummarize the nomenclature rules for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. Correct the following false statements regarding nomenclature of hydrocarbons. a. The root name for a hydrocarbon is based on the shortest continuous chain of carbon atoms. b. The suffix used to name all hydrocarbons is -ane. c. Substituent groups are numbered so as to give the largest numbers possible. d. No number is required to indicate the positions of double or triple bonds in alkenes and alkynes. e. Substituent groups get the lowest number possible in alkenes and alkynes. f. The ortho- term in aromatic hydrocarbons indicates the presence of two substituent groups bonded to carbon- 1 and carbon-3 in benzene.arrow_forward
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