The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent. Concept Introduction: When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives. Benzene derivative with one substituent: IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach. Benzene derivative with two substituents: When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are, Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2 Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3 Para- means disubstitution in 1,4 When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1. Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents: More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Question

Using the following two half-reactions, determine the pH range in which $NO_2^-\ (aq)$ cannot be found as the predominant chemical species in water.* $NO_3^-(aq)+10H^+(aq)+8e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+3H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=14.88$* $NO_2^-(aq)+8H^+(aq)+6e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+2H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=15.08$

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.114EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

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Using the following two half-reactions, determine the pH range in which $NO_2^-\ (aq)$ cannot be found as the predominant chemical species in water.* $NO_3^-(aq)+10H^+(aq)+8e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+3H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=14.88$* $NO_2^-(aq)+8H^+(aq)+6e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+2H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=15.08$

Indicate characteristics of oxodec acid.

What is the final product when hexanedioic acid reacts with 1º PCl5 and 2º NH3.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.114EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.114EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.114EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

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Answer 5

Chapter 2, Problem 2.114EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 6

Chapter 2, Problem 2.114EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 7

Chapter 2, Problem 2.114EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the compound considering the benzene ring as a substituent.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 3QQ

Solution Summary: The author describes the IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives.

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