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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC name for the given compound has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
- The suffix –ane has to be replaced with the suffix –ene. This is used to indicate the presence of double bond.
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms has to be chosen that contains both carbon atoms of the double bond.
- The parent carbon chain has to be numbered in a way so that the numbering begins at the end near to the double bond. In case if the double bond is equidistant from both ends, then numbering has to be done from the end that is closer to substituents.
- The position of the double bond has to be given a single number which is lower‑numbered carbon atom that is present in the double bond.
- Suffixes like –diene, -triene, -tetrene, and so on are used when the compound contains more than one double bond.
- In case of cycloalkenes which do not have any substitution, the numbering is not needed to locate the double bond because the bond is assumed to be between the carbons 1 and 2.
- In case if substituents are present in cycloalkene, then the double‑bonded carbon
atoms are numbered 1 and 2 in a direction where the substituent gets the lower number. - If the cycloalkenes contain more than one double bond, then one double bond is assigned the numbers 1 and 2 followed by the other double bond so that the lowest number possible is given.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula. To indicate a double bond between carbon atom, double line is used.
(b)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC name for the given compound has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
IUPAC nomenclature for alkene: There are about eight rules to be followed in giving IUPAC name for alkene.
- The suffix –ane has to be replaced with the suffix –ene. This is used to indicate the presence of double bond.
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms has to be chosen that contains both carbon atoms of the double bond.
- The parent carbon chain has to be numbered in a way so that the numbering begins at the end near to the double bond. In case if the double bond is equidistant from both ends, then numbering has to be done from the end that is closer to substituents.
- The position of the double bond has to be given a single number which is lower‑numbered carbon atom that is present in the double bond.
- Suffixes like –diene, -triene, -tetrene, and so on are used when the compound contains more than one double bond.
- In case of cycloalkenes which do not have any substitution, the numbering is not needed to locate the double bond because the bond is assumed to be between the carbons 1 and 2.
- In case if substituents are present in cycloalkene, then the double‑bonded carbon atoms are numbered 1 and 2 in a direction where the substituent gets the lower number.
- If the cycloalkenes contain more than one double bond, then one double bond is assigned the numbers 1 and 2 followed by the other double bond so that the lowest number possible is given.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula. To indicate a double bond between carbon atom, double line is used.
(c)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC name for the given compound has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
IUPAC nomenclature for alkene: There are about eight rules to be followed in giving IUPAC name for alkene.
- The suffix –ane has to be replaced with the suffix –ene. This is used to indicate the presence of double bond.
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms has to be chosen that contains both carbon atoms of the double bond.
- The parent carbon chain has to be numbered in a way so that the numbering begins at the end near to the double bond. In case if the double bond is equidistant from both ends, then numbering has to be done from the end that is closer to substituents.
- The position of the double bond has to be given a single number which is lower‑numbered carbon atom that is present in the double bond.
- Suffixes like –diene, -triene, -tetrene, and so on are used when the compound contains more than one double bond.
- In case of cycloalkenes which do not have any substitution, the numbering is not needed to locate the double bond because the bond is assumed to be between the carbons 1 and 2.
- In case if substituents are present in cycloalkene, then the double‑bonded carbon atoms are numbered 1 and 2 in a direction where the substituent gets the lower number.
- If the cycloalkenes contain more than one double bond, then one double bond is assigned the numbers 1 and 2 followed by the other double bond so that the lowest number possible is given.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula. To indicate a double bond between carbon atom, double line is used.
(d)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC name for the given compound has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
IUPAC nomenclature for alkene: There are about eight rules to be followed in giving IUPAC name for alkene.
- The suffix –ane has to be replaced with the suffix –ene. This is used to indicate the presence of double bond.
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms has to be chosen that contains both carbon atoms of the double bond.
- The parent carbon chain has to be numbered in a way so that the numbering begins at the end near to the double bond. In case if the double bond is equidistant from both ends, then numbering has to be done from the end that is closer to substituents.
- The position of the double bond has to be given a single number which is lower‑numbered carbon atom that is present in the double bond.
- Suffixes like –diene, -triene, -tetrene, and so on are used when the compound contains more than one double bond.
- In case of cycloalkenes which do not have any substitution, the numbering is not needed to locate the double bond because the bond is assumed to be between the carbons 1 and 2.
- In case if substituents are present in cycloalkene, then the double‑bonded carbon atoms are numbered 1 and 2 in a direction where the substituent gets the lower number.
- If the cycloalkenes contain more than one double bond, then one double bond is assigned the numbers 1 and 2 followed by the other double bond so that the lowest number possible is given.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula. To indicate a double bond between carbon atom, double line is used.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- Among the ingredients listed in one commercial foam shaving gel are isobutane and isopentane. Write the 1UPAC name of each hydrocarbon. Why are these two hydrocarbons added to the formulation of the shaving gel?arrow_forward12-25 Write the IUPAC name for each unsaturated hydrocarbon. (d)c=ch2 ch3ch,ch2arrow_forward12-13 What is the difference in structure between a saturated hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon?arrow_forward
- 13-3 What is the difference in structure between a saturated and an unsaturated hydrocarbon?arrow_forwardAssign an IUPAC name to each of the compounds in Problem 12-63. a. b. c. d.arrow_forwardAssign each of the compounds in Problem 13-107 an IUPAC name in which the substituents on the benzene ring are located using the ortho-, meta-, para-prefix system.arrow_forward
- As stated in Section 11-9, the wax found in apple skins is an unbranched alkane with the molecular formula C^H^. Explain how the presence of this alkane in apple skins prevents the loss of moisture from within the apple.arrow_forward11-48 How are the boiling points of hydrocarbons during petroleum refining related to their molecular weight?arrow_forward. What is the simplest aromatic alcohol commonly called? What is it mostly used for in the United States?arrow_forward
- Give an acceptable alternate name for each of the following branched-chain alkyl groups. a. Isopropyl group b. tert-Butyl group c. (1-Methylpropyl) group d. (2-Methylpropyl) grouparrow_forward12-40 Define alkene addition reaction. Write an equation for an addition reaction of propene.arrow_forward13-16 We say that naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and benzo[ajpyrene are polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. In this context, what does “polynuclear” mean? What does “aromatic” mean? What does “hydrocarbon” mean?arrow_forward
- Organic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
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