Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The physical state of ethene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.
Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.
Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.
When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.
Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.
(b)
Interpretation:
The physical state of 1-pentene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.
Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.
Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.
Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.
When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.
Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.
(c)
Interpretation:
The physical state of cyclobutene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.
Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.
Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.
Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.
When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.
Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.
(d)
Interpretation:
The physical state of cyclohexene at room temperature and pressure has to be indicated with the help of Figure 13-7.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Alkenes are linear chain unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes are cyclic carbon chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.
Alkenes and cycloalkenes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkenes and cycloalkenes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkenes and cycloalkenes are insoluble in water.
Regarding density, alkenes and cycloalkenes have density lower than water. When alkenes and cycloalkenes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkenes and cycloalkenes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.
Boiling point of alkenes and cycloalkenes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. The continuous chain alkenes which contain two to four carbon atoms are gases at room temperature. The continuous chain alkenes that contain five to seventeen carbon atoms and one double bond are liquids at room temperature.
When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkenes. In simple words, unbranched alkenes have more boiling point than branched alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.
Cycloalkenes have more boiling point compared to noncyclic alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropene and cyclobutene are relatively unstable compound and gets converted into other hydrocarbons.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 2 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- What is the difference in bonding and in the general molecular formula between an alkene and an alkane with the same number of carbon atoms?arrow_forward12-13 What is the difference in structure between a saturated hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon?arrow_forward13-3 What is the difference in structure between a saturated and an unsaturated hydrocarbon?arrow_forward
- As stated in Section 11-9, the wax found in apple skins is an unbranched alkane with the molecular formula C^H^. Explain how the presence of this alkane in apple skins prevents the loss of moisture from within the apple.arrow_forwardFill the tablearrow_forwardMark the correct statements about the structural features of alkenes and alkynes. * A- Free rotation is not possible around a double or triple bond. B- A triple bond is shorter and stronger than a double bond. C- A pi-bond can only form by overlap of p-orbitals on adjacent atoms if these atoms are from the same element. D- The pi-bond in an alkene is weaker than the sigma bond because the sideways overlap of p-orbitals is less than the head-to-head overlap of sp² hybrid orbitals. E- All the bond angles in an alkyne are 180°.arrow_forward
- What are structural characteristics of alkynesarrow_forwardEGO He suggested that the bonds present in between any two carbon atoms in benzene can be either double or single bond. Lewis Huckel Michael Faraday OAugust Kekulé This bicyclic alkanes share two nonadjacent carbon atoms and one or more carbon atoms between them. O spirocyclic compounds O bridged rings fused rings O crown ethers This is one way of naming a benzene compound when two substituents are attached in a 1.2 positions of the ring. O ortho meta para Obetaarrow_forwardI need help with questions 14 and 15arrow_forward
- Ozone is an oxidizing agent that cleaves a double bond and creates ________ and ________ from alkenes. ketones, carboxylic acids carboxylica acids, esters ketones, aldehydes aldehydes, estersarrow_forwardIdentify the class of compound the red encircled functional group (R) belongs to. cycloalkane aromatic hydrocarbon ester phenolarrow_forwardNH2 C1 27. What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound above? a. 2-chloroaniline O b. 1-chloronitrobenzene Oc. 1-nitro-2-chlorobenzene Od. 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenearrow_forward
- Organic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning