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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.
Concept Introduction:
When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.
Benzene derivative with one substituent:
IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.
Benzene derivative with two substituents:
When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,
Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2
Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3
Para- means disubstitution in 1,4
When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.
Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:
More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.
(b)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.
Concept Introduction:
When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.
Benzene derivative with one substituent:
IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.
Benzene derivative with two substituents:
When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,
Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2
Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3
Para- means disubstitution in 1,4
When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.
Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:
More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.
(c)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.
Concept Introduction:
When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.
Benzene derivative with one substituent:
IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.
Benzene derivative with two substituents:
When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,
Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2
Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3
Para- means disubstitution in 1,4
When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.
Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:
More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.
(d)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.
Concept Introduction:
When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.
Benzene derivative with one substituent:
IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.
Benzene derivative with two substituents:
When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,
Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2
Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3
Para- means disubstitution in 1,4
When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.
Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:
More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- Draw a condensed structural formula for each of the following unsaturated hydrocarbons. a. Propylene b. Methylenecyclopentane c. Vinyl iodide d. Allyl chloridearrow_forwardAssign the IUPAC name to each of the following ethers. Name the smaller alkyl group as the alkoxy group. a. CH3OCH2CH3 b. c. d.arrow_forwardWhat is the structure of the IUPAC name? Draw the structure and give how many carbons are on the parent chain. 2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-enyl)propane-2-thiolarrow_forward
- What is the IUPAC name of the product formed when benzene is treated with propene in presence of H3PO4? A 1-Phenylpropane B Isopropylbenzene c) Propylbenzene D 2-Phenylpropanearrow_forwardWhich one of the following compounds does not have a secondary carbon? cydopentane butane 2-mathylbutane propane ethyl chloride C Which one of the following compounds does not have hydrogen bonding? triethylamine ethanol water diethylamine methanol A C What is the correct IUPAC name of the following compound? 3,3-dibromo-2-sec-butoxy-5-chloro-4ethylhexane B) 4,4 dibromo-2-chloro-3-ethyl-5-isobutaxcyhexane Br Br C) 3,3-dibromo-4-(chloroethyl)-2-isobutoxyhexane D) 4,4-dibromo-5-sec-butoxy-2-chloro-3-ethylhexane E) 3,3-dibromo-5-chloro-4-ethyl-2-isobutoxyhexane Rank the following compounds accordingly: " What is the correct order of decreasing ACIDITY of the following compounds? ( -- FCHCHNH HI ICHŁCOH на E strongest>_ >_>_>_weakest -What is the correct order of decreasing BASICITY of the following compounds?; CHSO,Na NaCl CH,CH,NHNa C CHONA CH0O,Na strongest >_>_>_>_weakestarrow_forwardPhenols are compounds that contains a hydroxyl group on the benzene ring O that contains a hydroxyl group on a branched-chain alkyl group o that contains an acetyl group attached to a carbon atom in a benzene ring O that contains a carboxylic acid group on a benzene ringarrow_forward
- Phytane is the common name of a naturally occurring alkane produced by the alga Spirogyra and is a constituent of petroleum. The IUPAC name for phytane is 2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecane.arrow_forwardWhat is the IUPAC name for the following Organic compound? Dodecene 2,4-Dipropylhex-1-ene 6-Ethylnon-4-ene O 6-Propyloct-4-ene 2-(2-Ethylpentyl)pent-1-cnc O4-Ethyl-2-propylhept-1-enearrow_forwardI would like to ask what is the Hydrocarbon Derivatives and their respective IUPAC names?arrow_forward
- Match each of the following definitions to the alphabetical label provided under this chemical name: 3-bromo-2-methyl-3-heptanol Ав с D E F G The letter that indicates that there are 7 carbons in the longest carbon chain: The letter that indicates which carbon the halogen substituent is attached to: The letter that indicates that an alcohol group is attached to the molecule: The letter that indicates which carbon the hydrocarbon branch is attached to: The letter that indicates which carbon the alcohol substituent is attached to: The letter that indicates that the hydrocarbon branch has only 1 carbon:arrow_forwardDraw the condensed structural formula or skeletal formula, if yclic, for the alkene that is the major product from each of the following dehydration reactions: H+ а. CHз— CH—— СH — СH —ОН - Heat ОН ОН b. H+ с. H+ Heat Heat ОН d. CH3— CH — CH,— СH— СH, Нeat Draw the condensed structural formula for the ether produced y each of the following reactions: H+ а. 2СH3 — ОН Heat H+ b. 2CH3 — СH>— CH-— ОН Heatarrow_forwardProvide the IUPAC name for the given alkane. H₂C CH, Z CH₂CH₂ CH₂ CHarrow_forward
- Organic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
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