The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes. Concept Introduction: When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives. Benzene derivative with one substituent: IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach. Benzene derivative with two substituents: When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are, Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2 Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3 Para- means disubstitution in 1,4 When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1. Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents: More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Question

I2(g) + CI2(g) ↔ 2ICIK for this reaction is 81.9. Find the equilibrium concentration of I2 if the inital concentration of I2 and CI2 are 0.010 M

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.108EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

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I2(g) + CI2(g) ↔ 2ICIK for this reaction is 81.9. Find the equilibrium concentration of I2 if the inital concentration of I2 and CI2 are 0.010 M

true or false,the equilibrium constant for this reaction is 0.50.PCI5(g) ↔ PCI3(g) + CI2(g)Based on the above, the equilibrium constant for the following reaction is 0.25.2PCI5(g) ↔. 2PCI3(g) + 2CI2(g)

true or false, using the following equilibrium, if carbon dioxide is added the equilibrium will shift toward the productsC(s) + CO2(g) ↔ 2CO(g)

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.108EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.108EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.108EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

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Answer 5

Chapter 2, Problem 2.108EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 6

Chapter 2, Problem 2.108EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 7

Chapter 2, Problem 2.108EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name has to be given for the disubstituted benzene derivative by using numbers rather than prefixes.

Concept Introduction:

When hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more groups in benzene is known as substitution reaction and the compounds produced is benzene derivatives.

Benzene derivative with one substituent:

IUPAC system of naming monosubstituted benzene derivatives uses the name of substituent as prefix to the name benzene. If the group that is present in benzene cannot be named easily means, then the benzene ring is often treated as group attached to this substituent. The benzene ring is known as phenyl in this approach.

Benzene derivative with two substituents:

When benzene ring contains two substituents it is known as disubstituted benzene derivative. Three isomers are possible for the disubstituted benzene derivative. The prefix used in IUPAC name are,

Ortho- means disubstitution in 1,2

Meta- means disubstitution in 1,3

Para- means disubstitution in 1,4

When both the substituents present on the benzene ring imparts a special name, where all the substituents are cited in alphabetical order before the ending –benzene. The carbon that bears the group with alphabetical priority is given number 1.

Benzene derivatives with three or more substituents:

More than two groups are present in the benzene ring means, their positions are numbered. The numbering is always done in a way that the carbon atom bearing substituent gets the lowest numbering possible. If there is a choice of numbering system, then the group that comes alphabetically first is given the lowest number.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 3QQ

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