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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Chemical equation that shows reactants, product and catalyst needed for the reaction of propene with chlorine based on Markovnikov’s rule has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
In this reaction no atoms or group of atoms are removed. Instead the unsaturated bond is reduced to saturated bond. A general scheme for addition reaction of
Halogenation reaction is an example of addition reaction. In this reaction, the halogen atoms are added across the double bonds. Chlorination and bromination are the most commonly used halogenation reaction. For halogenation reaction, no catalyst is required.
Markovnikov’s rule:
When an unsymmetrical molecule of formula HQ to an unsymmeterical alkene, the hydrogen atom from HQ gets attached to the unsaturated carbon atom which has the most hydrogen atoms. In other words, it can be said that the hydrogen atom gets attached to the unsaturated carbon atom that is least substituted.
(b)
Interpretation:
Chemical equation that shows reactants, product and catalyst needed for the reaction of propene with hydrogen chloride based on Markovnikov’s rule has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
Chemical reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms are added to each carbon atom of a carbon‑carbon multiple bond in a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative is known as addition reaction.
In this reaction no atoms or group of atoms are removed. Instead the unsaturated bond is reduced to saturated bond. A general scheme for addition reaction of alkene can be given as shown below,
Asymmetrical addition reaction is the one in which two different atoms or group of atoms are substituted across the multiple bond resulting in the formation of product. No catalyst is required for this reaction.
(c)
Interpretation:
Chemical equation that shows reactants, product and catalyst needed for the reaction of propene with hydrogen based on Markovnikov’s rule has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
Chemical reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms are added to each carbon atom of a carbon‑carbon multiple bond in a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative is known as addition reaction.
In this reaction no atoms or group of atoms are removed. Instead the unsaturated bond is reduced to saturated bond. A general scheme for addition reaction of alkene can be given as shown below,
Hydrogenation is a type of addition reaction. In this reaction, hydrogen atoms are added across the multiple bonds present in organic molecule. In case of alkenes to undergo hydrogenation, heating the alkene with presence of catalyst such as nickel or platinum is required.
(d)
Interpretation:
Chemical equation that shows reactants, product and catalyst needed for the reaction of propene with hydrogen bromide based on Markovnikov’s rule has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
Chemical reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms are added to each carbon atom of a carbon‑carbon multiple bond in a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative is known as addition reaction.
In this reaction no atoms or group of atoms are removed. Instead the unsaturated bond is reduced to saturated bond. A general scheme for addition reaction of alkene can be given as shown below,
Asymmetrical addition reaction is the one in which two different atoms or group of atoms are substituted across the multiple bond resulting in the formation of product. No catalyst is required for this reaction.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- As stated in Section 11-9, the wax found in apple skins is an unbranched alkane with the molecular formula C^H^. Explain how the presence of this alkane in apple skins prevents the loss of moisture from within the apple.arrow_forwardThe heat of combustion of methane, a component of natural gas, is 212 kcal/mol. That of propane, a component of LP gas, is 530 kcal/mol. On a gram- for-gram basis, which hydrocarbon is the better source of heat energy?arrow_forwardAssign each of the compounds in Problem 13-107 an IUPAC name in which the substituents on the benzene ring are located using the ortho-, meta-, para-prefix system.arrow_forward
- Answer true or false. Combustion of alkanes is an endothermic reaction. The products of complete combustion of an alkane are carbon dioxide and water. Halogenation of an alkane converts it to a haloalkane.arrow_forwardThe environmental, biological, and toxicological outcomes of substances are strongly affected by their fundamental physical and chemical properties. Discuss the link between these underlying physical/chemical properties and the environmental or biological issues associated with the following substances: perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl substancesarrow_forwardThe most common preparation for ethyl alcohol is * acid-catalyzed hydration of ethylene alkaline-catalyzed hydration of ethylene acid-catalyzed oxidation of ethylene alkaline-catalyzed oxidation of ethylenearrow_forward
- For the following reaction, draw the major organic product and select the correct IUPAC name for the organic reactant. If there is more than one major product, both may be drawn in the same box. When drawing hydrogen atoms on a carbon atom, either include all hydrogen atoms or none on that carbon atom, or your structure may be marked incorrect. H. HBr Select the correct IUPAC name for the organic reactant: 2-methylbutene 2-methyl-3-butene 4-methyl-1-pentene 3-methyl-1-butenearrow_forwardProvide the IUPAC name and structure of the substitution product(s) which results from the reaction between (2R,3R)-2-chloro-3-methylpentane and water.arrow_forwardWhat functional group would be present in the product (the main organic product) of a reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid with an acid catalyst?arrow_forward
- Organic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
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