Interpretation:
Nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon atoms has to be contrasted based on the number of covalent bonds that is formed by them in organic compounds.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are the important basis of life. They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc. The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms. All the organic compounds contain the element carbon. Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.
The number of bonds an atom forms with other atoms depends upon the ability to attain the stable octet configuration of electrons.

Explanation of Solution
Carbon is an element that belongs to group IVA in periodic table. This means the valence electrons present in carbon is four. In order to attain the stable octet configuration of electrons, carbon forms four covalent bonds with other atoms. In
Oxygen is an element that belongs to group VIA in periodic table. This means the valence electrons present in oxygen is six. In order to attain the stable octet configuration of electrons, oxygen forms two covalent bonds with other atoms. In organic chemistry, oxygen atom can form two covalent bonds.
Nitrogen is an element that belongs to Group VA in periodic table. This means the valence electrons present in nitrogen is five. In order to attain the stable octet configuration of electrons, nitrogen forms three covalent bonds with other atoms. In organic chemistry, nitrogen atom can form three covalent bonds.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
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