Chapter 6, Problem 6.136EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of nitrogen-containing compound that is required to produce the given compound as product through amidification has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Amides are synthesized using amidification reaction.  This involves a reaction between amine and carboxylic acid.  In this reaction, the $-\text{OH}$ group present in carboxylic acid and $-\text{H}$ from ammonia or amine is lost to give amide as the product.  Water is obtained as a by-product in this reaction.  The general reaction scheme for synthesis of amides can be given as,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Ammonia}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{1°}\text{amide}\\ \text{1°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{2°}\text{amide}\\ \text{2°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{3°}\text{amide}\end{array}$

Answer to Problem 6.136EP

Nitrogen-containing compound that is required was,

Explanation of Solution

Given structure of compound is,

As the nitrogen atom present in the above amide has two hydrogen atoms bonded to it, the amide is a primary amide.  Primary amide is produced by the reaction of ammonia with carboxylic acid.  The nitrogen-containing compound can be identified as shown below,

Hydrogen atom has to be added to the amine part and $-\text{OH}$ group has to be added to the acid part in order to obtain the parent molecules.  From this the nitrogen-containing compound that is required to produce the given amide is,

Conclusion

Structure of nitrogen-containing compound that is required to produce the given compound is drawn.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of nitrogen-containing compound that is required to produce the given compound as product through amidification has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Amides are synthesized using amidification reaction.  This involves a reaction between amine and carboxylic acid.  In this reaction, the $-\text{OH}$ group present in carboxylic acid and $-\text{H}$ from ammonia or amine is lost to give amide as the product.  Water is obtained as a by-product in this reaction.  The general reaction scheme for synthesis of amides can be given as,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Ammonia}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{1°}\text{amide}\\ \text{1°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{2°}\text{amide}\\ \text{2°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{3°}\text{amide}\end{array}$

Answer to Problem 6.136EP

Nitrogen-containing compound that is required was,

Explanation of Solution

Given structure of compound is,

As the nitrogen atom present in the above amide has two hydrogen atoms bonded to it, the amide is a primary amide.  Primary amide is produced by the reaction of ammonia with carboxylic acid.  The nitrogen-containing compound can be identified as shown below,

Hydrogen atom has to be added to the amine part and $-\text{OH}$ group has to be added to the acid part in order to obtain the parent molecules.  From this the nitrogen-containing compound that is required to produce the given amide is,

Conclusion

Structure of nitrogen-containing compound that is required to produce the given compound is drawn.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of nitrogen-containing compound that is required to produce the given compound as product through amidification has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Amides are synthesized using amidification reaction.  This involves a reaction between amine and carboxylic acid.  In this reaction, the $-\text{OH}$ group present in carboxylic acid and $-\text{H}$ from ammonia or amine is lost to give amide as the product.  Water is obtained as a by-product in this reaction.  The general reaction scheme for synthesis of amides can be given as,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Ammonia}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{1°}\text{amide}\\ \text{1°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{2°}\text{amide}\\ \text{2°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{3°}\text{amide}\end{array}$

Answer to Problem 6.136EP

Nitrogen-containing compound that is required was,

Explanation of Solution

Given structure of compound is,

As the nitrogen atom present in the above amide has two hydrogen atoms bonded to it, the amide is a primary amide.  Primary amide is produced by the reaction of ammonia with carboxylic acid.  The nitrogen-containing compound can be identified as shown below,

Hydrogen atom has to be added to the amine part and $-\text{OH}$ group has to be added to the acid part in order to obtain the parent molecules.  From this the nitrogen-containing compound that is required to produce the given amide is,

Conclusion

Structure of nitrogen-containing compound that is required to produce the given compound is drawn.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of nitrogen-containing compound that is required to produce the given compound as product through amidification has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Amides are synthesized using amidification reaction.  This involves a reaction between amine and carboxylic acid.  In this reaction, the $-\text{OH}$ group present in carboxylic acid and $-\text{H}$ from ammonia or amine is lost to give amide as the product.  Water is obtained as a by-product in this reaction.  The general reaction scheme for synthesis of amides can be given as,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Ammonia}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{1°}\text{amide}\\ \text{1°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{2°}\text{amide}\\ \text{2°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{3°}\text{amide}\end{array}$

Answer to Problem 6.136EP

Nitrogen-containing compound that is required was,

Explanation of Solution

Given structure of compound is,

As the nitrogen atom present in the above amide has two hydrogen atoms bonded to it, the amide is a primary amide.  Primary amide is produced by the reaction of ammonia with carboxylic acid.  The nitrogen-containing compound can be identified as shown below,

Hydrogen atom has to be added to the amine part and $-\text{OH}$ group has to be added to the acid part in order to obtain the parent molecules.  From this the nitrogen-containing compound that is required to produce the given amide is,

Conclusion

Structure of nitrogen-containing compound that is required to produce the given compound is drawn.