Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Organic product that is formed in the given reaction has to be classified as primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine or quaternary salt.
Concept Introduction:
Alkylation reaction is a reaction in which the transfer of alkyl group from one molecule to another molecule takes place. While considering
Amine is an organic derivative. If in ammonia one or more alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl groups are substituted instead of hydrogen atom then it is known as amine. Depending on the number of substitution the amines are classified as primary, secondary or tertiary amine. Primary amine is the one in which only one hydrogen atom in ammonia is replaced by a hydrocarbon group. Secondary amine is the one in which only two hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced by a hydrocarbon group. Tertiary amine is the one in which all three hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced by a hydrocarbon group. The generalized structural formula for all the amines is,
Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.
(a)

Answer to Problem 6.64EP
Organic product is a primary amine.
Explanation of Solution
Given reaction is,
The reactants given in the above reaction are ammonia, isopropyl chloride. Sodium hydroxide is a reagent that is used for basic condition in this case. As the reaction between ammonia and isopropyl chloride gives isopropylamine as the product, this is an alkylation reaction. The complete reaction can be shown as,
The organic product formed has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms. Hence, it is a primary amine.
The organic product formed in the given reaction is classified.
(b)
Interpretation:
Organic product that is formed in the given reaction has to be classified as primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine or quaternary salt.
Concept Introduction:
Alkylation reaction is a reaction in which the transfer of alkyl group from one molecule to another molecule takes place. While considering amines, the alkylating agent that is used is alkyl halides. Alkylation is done under basic conditions. The general equations for amines alkylation process is,
Amine is an organic derivative. If in ammonia one or more alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl groups are substituted instead of hydrogen atom then it is known as amine. Depending on the number of substitution the amines are classified as primary, secondary or tertiary amine. Primary amine is the one in which only one hydrogen atom in ammonia is replaced by a hydrocarbon group. Secondary amine is the one in which only two hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced by a hydrocarbon group. Tertiary amine is the one in which all three hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced by a hydrocarbon group. The generalized structural formula for all the amines is,
Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.
(b)

Answer to Problem 6.64EP
Organic product is a tertiary amine.
Explanation of Solution
Given reaction is,
The reactants given in the above reaction are dimethylamine, methyl bromide. Sodium hydroxide is a reagent that is used for basic condition in this case. As the reaction between dimethylamine and methyl bromide gives trimethylamine as the product, this is an alkylation reaction. The complete reaction can be shown as,
The organic product formed has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to three carbon atoms. Hence, it is a tertiary amine.
The organic product formed in the given reaction is classified.
(c)
Interpretation:
Organic product that is formed in the given reaction has to be classified as primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine or quaternary salt.
Concept Introduction:
Alkylation reaction is a reaction in which the transfer of alkyl group from one molecule to another molecule takes place. While considering amines, the alkylating agent that is used is alkyl halides. Alkylation is done under basic conditions. The general equations for amines alkylation process is,
Amine is an organic derivative. If in ammonia one or more alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl groups are substituted instead of hydrogen atom then it is known as amine. Depending on the number of substitution the amines are classified as primary, secondary or tertiary amine. Primary amine is the one in which only one hydrogen atom in ammonia is replaced by a hydrocarbon group. Secondary amine is the one in which only two hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced by a hydrocarbon group. Tertiary amine is the one in which all three hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced by a hydrocarbon group. The generalized structural formula for all the amines is,
Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.
(c)

Answer to Problem 6.64EP
Organic product is a secondary amine.
Explanation of Solution
Given reaction is,
The reactants given in the above reaction are propylamine, ethyl bromide. Sodium hydroxide is a reagent that is used for basic condition in this case. As the reaction between propylamine and ethyl bromide gives ethylpropylamine as the product, this is an alkylation reaction. The complete reaction can be shown as,
The organic product formed has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom. Hence, it is a secondary amine.
The organic product formed in the given reaction is classified.
(d)
Interpretation:
Organic product that is formed in the given reaction has to be classified as primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine or quaternary salt.
Concept Introduction:
Alkylation reaction is a reaction in which the transfer of alkyl group from one molecule to another molecule takes place. While considering amines, the alkylating agent that is used is alkyl halides. Alkylation is done under basic conditions. The general equations for amines alkylation process is,
Amine is an organic derivative. If in ammonia one or more alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl groups are substituted instead of hydrogen atom then it is known as amine. Depending on the number of substitution the amines are classified as primary, secondary or tertiary amine. Primary amine is the one in which only one hydrogen atom in ammonia is replaced by a hydrocarbon group. Secondary amine is the one in which only two hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced by a hydrocarbon group. Tertiary amine is the one in which all three hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced by a hydrocarbon group. The generalized structural formula for all the amines is,
Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.
(d)

Answer to Problem 6.64EP
Organic product is a tertiary amine.
Explanation of Solution
Given reaction is,
The reactants given in the above reaction are ethylisopropylamine, 2-chlorobutane. Sodium hydroxide is a reagent that is used for basic condition in this case. As the reaction between ethylisopropylamine and 2-chlorobutane gives a tertiary amine as the product, this is an alkylation reaction. The complete reaction can be given as,
The organic product formed has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to three carbon atoms. Hence, it is a tertiary amine.
The organic product formed in the given reaction is classified.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 6 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
- ✓ Check the box under each molecule that has a total of five ẞ hydrogens. If none of the molecules fit this description, check the box underneath the table. tab OH CI 0 Br xx Br None of these molecules have a total of five ẞ hydrogens. esc Explanation Check caps lock shift 1 fn control 02 F2 W Q A N #3 S 80 F3 E $ t 01 205 % 5 F5 & 7 © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility FT * 8 R T Y U כ F6 9 FIG F11 F D G H J K L C X V B < N M H option command P H + F12 commandarrow_forwardDraw the major product of this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts and the carboxylic acid side product. O 1. CHзMgBr (excess) 2. H₂O ✓ W X 人arrow_forwardIf cyclopentyl acetaldehyde reacts with NaOH, state the product (formula).arrow_forward
- Draw the major product of this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts. N S S HgCl2, H2SO4 く 8 W X Parrow_forwardtab esc く Drawing the After running various experiments, you determine that the mechanism for the following reaction occurs in a step-wise fashion. Br + OH + Using this information, draw the correct mechanism in the space below. 1 Explanation Check F2 F1 @2 Q W A os lock control option T S # 3 80 F3 Br $ 4 0105 % OH2 + Br Add/Remove step X C F5 F6 6 R E T Y 29 & 7 F D G H Click and drag to start drawing a structure. © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Ce A F7 DII F8 C Ո 8 * 9 4 F10 F C J K L C V Z X B N M H command P ge Coarrow_forwardIndicate compound A that must react with ethylbenzene to obtain 4-ethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid. 3-bromo-4-ethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid.arrow_forward
- Part 1 of 2 Draw the structure of A, the minor E1 product of the reaction. esc I Skip Part Check H₂O, D 2 A + Click and drag to start drawing a structure. -0- F1 F2 1 2 # 3 Q A 80 F3 W E S D F4 $ 4 % 5 F5 ㅇ F6 R T Y F G X 5 & 7 + Save 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. DII F7 F8 H * C 80 J Z X C V B N 4 F9 6arrow_forwardFile Preview The following is a total synthesis of the pheromone of the western pine beetle. Such syntheses are interesting both because of the organic chemistry, and because of the possibility of using species specific insecticides, rather than broad band insecticides. Provide the reagents for each step. There is some chemistry from our most recent chapter in this synthesis, but other steps are review from earlier chapters. (8 points) COOEt COOEt A C COOEt COOEt COOH B OH OTS CN D E See the last homework set F for assistance on this one. H+, H₂O G OH OH The last step is just nucleophilic addition reactions, taking the ketone to an acetal, intramolecularly. But it is hard to visualize the three dimensional shape as it occurs. Frontalin, pheromone of the western pine beetlearrow_forwardFor the reaction below: 1. Draw all reasonable elimination products to the right of the arrow. 2. In the box below the reaction, redraw any product you expect to be a major product. C Major Product: Check + ◎ + X ง © Cl I F2 80 F3 I σ F4 I F5 NaOH Click and drawing F6 A 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights E F7 F8 $ # % & 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Q W E R T Y U A S D F G H Jarrow_forward
- Can I please get help with this graph. If you can show exactly where it needs to pass through.arrow_forwardN Draw the major product of this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts. D 1. H₂O, pyridine 2. neutralizing work-up V P W X DE CO e C Larrow_forwardDraw the major product of this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts. N O' 1. H2O, pyridine 2. neutralizing work-up く 8 W aarrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning



