A cubical glass melting furnace has exterior dimensionsof width
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Introduction to Heat Transfer
- 1.4 To measure thermal conductivity, two similar 1-cm-thick specimens are placed in the apparatus shown in the accompanying sketch. Electric current is supplied to the guard heater, and a wattmeter shows that the power dissipation is 10 W. Thermocouples attached to the warmer and to the cooler surfaces show temperatures of 322 and 300 K, respectively. Calculate the thermal conductivity of the material at the mean temperature in W/m K. Problem 1.4arrow_forward2.30 An electrical heater capable of generating 10,000 W is to be designed. The heating element is to be a stainless steel wire having an electrical resistivity of ohm-centimeter. The operating temperature of the stainless steel is to be no more than 1260°C. The heat transfer coefficient at the outer surface is expected to be no less than in a medium whose maximum temperature is 93°C. A transformer capable of delivering current at 9 and 12 V is available. Determine a suitable size for the wire, the current required, and discuss what effect a reduction in the heat transfer coefficient would have. (Hint: Demonstrate first that the temperature drop between the center and the surface of the wire is independent of the wire diameter, and determine its value.)arrow_forward2.51 Determine by means of a flux plot the temperatures and heat flow per unit depth in the ribbed insulation shown in the accompanying sketch.arrow_forward
- A semiconductor material has a conductivity of 0.0124 W/cm-K. It has the shape of a rectangular bar with cross sectional area of 1 cm2and length of 3 cm. One end is maintained at 300 °C and the other end at 100 °C. The bar carries a current of 50 A and has resistivity of 1.5x10-3ohm-cm. Assuming the longitudinal surface is insulated, calculated the midpoint temperature in the bar.arrow_forwardA glass with an area of 0.625 m² is fit in the wooden outside wall of a room. The dimension of wall is 25 x 3.05 m , The wood has a thermal conductivity of 0.151W/m.K and is 3.05 cm thick. The glass has a thermal conductivity of 0.692W/m.K and is 5.0 mm thick. The temperature of the inside room is 27°C and outside air temperature is 268K. calculate ,What is the heat loss through wooden wall and glass window? What are the total heat loss?arrow_forwardA machine element as seen in the figure is made of pure copper. It has an inner diameter of D;=2.9 cm, outer diameter of Do=5.9 cm, and height of H=19 cm. The initial temperature of the element is 749 K, and then suddenly placed in an environment which has a temperature of Too=300O K. The temperature of the element is measured as 489 K, 4.8 minutes after the cooling process. If the lumped system method is applicable, determine the heat transfer coefficient of the environment, in W/(m²K). Note: All the surfaces should be considered to calculate the surface area. Not: Yüzey alanı hesaplamak için tüm yüzeyler dikkate alınmalıdır. Properties of pure copper: k=370 W/(mK), C=920 J/(kg°C), p=8933 kg/m³ H Dịarrow_forward
- A wall in a house contains a single window. The window consists of a single pane of glass whose area is 0.13 m2 and whose thickness is 8 mm. Treat the wall as a slab of the insulating material Styrofoam whose area and thickness are 19 m2 and 0.10 m, respectively. Heat is lost via conduction through the wall and the window. The temperature difference between the inside and outside is the same for the wall and the window. Of the total heat lost by the wall and the window, what is the percentage lost by the window?arrow_forward(b) A hydrogen gas cylinder is situated in the cylinder cage. The cylinder wall is constructed from 15.5 mm carbon fiber (kcp = 0.75 W mK-¹). The outside of the cylinder is lagged with an inner 10 mm layer of ceramic insulation (kc = 0.08 W mK-¹) and an outer 80 mm layer of fiberglass insulation (kp = 0.15 W mK-¹). The temperature on the hydrogen gas is 150 °C and the temperature of the cylinder cage is 45 °C. Given that the walls of the cylinder can be assumed to be flat and neglecting the contribution of radiation, calculate: (i) the heat flux per square meter of the gas cylinder wall (ii) the temperature at the interface between the fibreglass and the ceramic insulation. 1.1arrow_forwardA 90-amp electric current is flowing through a 6-mm diameter lead wire. The thermal conductivity of the lead is k= 32 W/m K and the electrical resistance per unit length of the wire is R' = 0.0073 /m. The outer surface of the lead wire is exposed to 40°C air with a convection heat transfer coefficient of h=12 W/m².K. Find the temperature at the center of the lead wire.arrow_forward
- Parrow_forward2. A pipe with: ID: 130mm OD: 165mm k=15 W/m?-K L= 2m is insulated with several materials, and convection on the inside and outside of the pipe is as follows. Oil inside is at 118°C and air outside is at 25°C KA or h 10.256 W/m2-K Material Thickness A 25mm В 2.369 W/m2-K 30mm C 0.257 W/m2-K 40mm h=120.3T2/3 (T in K) h=0.272/3 (T in K) Oil inside Air outside Determine the heat losses of the pipe, and what must be the temperature of the oil to decrease the heat losses by 20%?arrow_forwardOne vessel having a carbon-steel wall of thickness 5 mm carrying saturated steam and water at 423K. The vessel is insulated with magnesia of thickness 50 mm. If the ambient air temperature is 321 K, determine the heat loss from the vessel. Given: i. thermal conductivity of carbon steel is 52 W/m.K ii. thermal conductivity of magnesia is 0.5 W/m.K iii. surface coefficient of insulation surface is 3 W/m2.Karrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning